Neoplasm associations Flashcards
childhood tumor affecting cerebellar hemisphere, optic nerved, hypothalamus
pilocytic astrocytoma
Temporal lobe tumor
glanglioglioma
kids get this in the lateral ventricle, adults get it in the 4th ventricle
choroid plexus papilloma
well circumscribed, non infiltrative cystic tumor of childhood
pilocytic astrocytoma
Histo: elongate hair like astrocytes
pilocytic astrocytoma
Histo: rosenthal fibers
pilocytic astrocytoma
treatment for pilocytic astrocytoma
surgical excision
Common genetic mutation of pilocytic astrocytoma
BRAF: KIAA fusion
gross: cystic, calcified WHO grade 1 tumor
ganglioglioma
Histo: increased number of jumbled, cytologically abnormal neurons mixed into low grade glial background
ganglioglioma
histo: mucin and microcysts and calcifications, perivascular non-neoplastic lymphs
ganglioglioma
BRAF V600E mutation
some gangliogliomas
papillary formation that are abundant, crowded, numbers chorioid plexus cells
choroid plexus papilloma
Two types of WHO grade II gliomas
diffuse astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma
Diffuse astrocytoma âge group
30s-50s
Occurs in the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere
diffuse astrocytoma
histo: different astrocyte types, preponderance of fibrillary astrocytes
diffuse astrocytoma
IDH1/2 mutation
NO LOH of 1P19q
mutation of p53 or ATRX
diffuse astrocytoma
Which has a better prognosis: diffuse astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma?
oligodendroglioma
Age group of oligodendroglioma
adults
located in cerebral white matter but can infiltrate into the overlying cortex
oligodendroglioma
SSx can include seizures
oligodendroglioms
histo: chicken wire vascular pattern
oligodendroglioma
“fried egg”
oligodendroglioms
IDH1/2 mutation \+ LOH of 1p19q \+ No p53 or ATRX mutation
oligodendroglioms
tends to occur in ages 0-20 and adults
ependymoma
kids get them in the 4th ventricle, adults get them in the spinal cord
epyndymoma
most i important prognostic factor of epyndymomas
location, worse in the 4th ventricle compared to the spinal cord
Commonly presents with hydrocephalus
eepyndymoma. Also causing hydrocephalus:choroid plexus papilloma
Does the his to correlate with the prognosis of anepyndemoma?
no, the location of the tumor does
Which has a higher MIB-1 index, an anapestic oligodendrogliooma or a grade II oligodendroglioma
anaplastic oligodendroglioms
Age group for anapestic astrocytomas
adult
what determines the prognosis for an anapestic astrocytoma?
tumor cell growth rate
how does the anapestic astrocytoma differ histologically from the diffuse astrocytoma?
there is an increased mitotic rate
histo: enhancement with “fried egg” appearance
anaplastic oligodendroglioma
age group for anapestic epyndymomas
kids
where do anapestic empyndymomas occur?
4th ventricle
What determines prognosis of the anapestic epyndymoma?
it’s less about the his to because these tumors tend to recur and can spread distantly through CSF dissemination
Most common age group for glioblastomas
50-60s, sometimes kids
these tumors look well demarcated but are microscopically infiltrative
glioblastoma
histo: nuclear abnormalities, mitotic, microvascular proliferation, and necrosis
WHO grade 4
treat with temozolamide
glioblastoma
Kids 3-8, especially males
medulloblastoma
patternless sheets of small embryonal cells with scant cytoplasm
medulloblastoma
small blue cells
medulloblastoma
homer wright rosettes
medulloblastoma
perivascular pseudorosettes
epyndemoma
commonly presents with headache, vomiting, papilledeme, gait disturbance, nystagmus
medulloblastoma
prognosis of medulloblastoma
good and responsive the chemo as long as there is no CSF spread