Neoplasia (Terminology) Flashcards
1
Q
Melanocytes are derived from which embryologic cells?
A
Neuroectoderm or neural crest cells
2
Q
What type of epithelium lines the renal proximal tubules?
A
Simple cuboidal to simple columnar
3
Q
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the stomach lining?
A
Gastric adenoma
4
Q
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the thyroid gland?
A
Thyroid adenoma
5
Q
A neoplasm arising from the epidermis of the skin would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
A
Epithelial
6
Q
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the non-glandular stomach?
A
Squamous cell carcinoma
7
Q
Which is the odd one out, and why? (a) Carcinoma; (b) Choristoma; (c) Melanoma; (d) Sarcoma.
A
(b) Choristoma, because it is the only member of the list that is NOT a neoplasm. A choristoma is structurally normal tissue forming in an abnormal location (e.g., hair growing from the tongue or cornea).
8
Q
Lymphoma is a benign neoplasm of lymphocytes. True or false?
A
False. There is no such thing as a benign lymphocytic neoplasm. All lymphocytic neoplasms are malignant. Lymphoma is exactly the same as lymphosarcoma.
9
Q
What type of epithelium lines blood vessels?
A
Simple squamous
10
Q
Which is the odd one out, and why? (a) Carcinoma; (b) Choristoma; (c) Hematoma (d) Hamartoma.
A
(a) Carcinoma, because it is the only member of the list that is a neoplasm. The remaining three are non-neoplasms.
11
Q
What information is contained in the term biliary adenoma?
A
Benign neoplasm of biliary system, either extrahepatic (i.e., gall bladder lining) or intrahepatic (epithelial neoplasm)
12
Q
A neoplasm arising from the rib cartilage would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
A
Mesenchymal
13
Q
A neoplasm arising from the sebaceous glands would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
A
Epithelial
14
Q
A neoplasm arising from the corneal surface would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
A
Epithelial
15
Q
What type of epithelium lines the large intestine?
A
Simple cuboidal to simple columnar
16
Q
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the adrenal cortex?
A
Adrenocortical adenocarcinoma
17
Q
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of smooth muscle?
A
Leiomyoma
18
Q
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the mammary gland lobules?
A
Mammary adenocarcinoma
19
Q
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the exocrine pancreas?
A
Pancreatic adenoma
20
Q
There are 5 major types of epithelium throughout the body. Which are considered non-secretory and non-absorptive?
A
- Stratified squamous; 2. Transitional
21
Q
What type of epithelium lines the skin?
A
Stratified squamous
22
Q
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of fat?
A
Liposarcoma
23
Q
What are mast cells?
A
Mast cells are migratory cells that live in perivascular connective tissue and produce, among other things, histamine
24
Q
What information is contained in the term chondrosarcoma?
A
Malignant neoplasm of cartilage (mesenchymal neoplasm)
25
A neoplasm arising from hepatocytes of the liver would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Epithelial
26
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of a lymphatic vessel?
Lymphangiosarcoma
27
What information is contained in the term gastric squamous cell carcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm of NON-glandular part of stomach lining (epithelial neoplasm)
28
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of fibrous tissue?
Fibrosarcoma
29
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the urinary bladder lining?
Transitional papilloma
30
What type of epithelium lines the vagina?
Stratified squamous
31
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of the ureter?
Transitional papilloma
32
Lymphosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes. True or false?
True. Remember that lymphoma is exactly the same as lymphosarcoma. Also remember that there is no such thing as a benign lymphocytic neoplasm; all lymphocytic neoplasms are malignant.
33
What type of epithelium lines the penis?
Stratified squamous
34
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the sebaceous glands?
Sebaceous adenoma
35
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the vulvar skin?
Squamous papilloma
36
A neoplasm arising from adipose tissue would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Mesenchymal
37
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of striated muscle?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
38
What type of epithelium lines the esophagus?
Stratified squamous
39
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of striated muscle?
Rhabdomyoma
40
What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder?
Transitional
41
A neoplasm arising from plasma cells would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Mesenchymal
42
What type of epithelium lines the caudal nasal passages?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
43
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the corneal surface?
Squamous cell carcinoma
44
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the vulvar skin?
Squamous cell carcinoma
45
Macrophages and dendritic cells may be grouped together as _______.
Histiocytes or histiocytic cells
46
What information is contained in the term gastric leiomyosarcoma?
Benign neoplasm of smooth muscle of stomach wall (mesenchymal neoplasm)
47
What is the suffix used for tumors that develop from stem cells?
-blastoma
48
What type of epithelium lines lymphatic vessels?
Simple squamous
49
What information is contained in the term lipoma?
Benign neoplasm of fat (mesenchymal neoplasm)
50
A neoplasm arising from the adrenal cortex would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Epithelial
51
What is a hamartoma?
A tumor-like malformation composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass (e.g., port wine stain in a human). It is NOT a neoplasm
52
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of the peritoneal cavity?
Mesothelioma (NOT mesotheliosarcoma; there is no such term)
53
What type of epithelium lines the distal urethra?
Stratified squamous
54
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the underside of the tongue?
Squamous papilloma
55
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of the proximal urethra?
Transitional papilloma
56
What information is contained in the term osteosarcoma?
Malignant neoplasm of bone (mesenchymal neoplasm)
57
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of the pericardial cavity?
There is no such thing. Trick question.
58
What type of epithelium lines the nictitating membrane?
Stratified squamous
59
What information is contained in the term transitional cell carcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm of lower urinary tract lining (epithelial neoplasm)
60
What type of epithelium lines the oropharynx?
Stratified squamous
61
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the mammary gland lobules?
Mammary adenoma
62
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the underside of the tongue?
Squamous cell carcinoma
63
What is a choristoma?
Structurally normal tissue forming in an abnormal location (e.g., hair growing from the tongue or cornea). It is NOT a neoplasm
64
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of bone?
Osteoma
65
What information is contained in the term pituitary adenoma?
Benign neoplasm of pituitary gland (epithelial neoplasm)
66
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of fat?
Lipoma
67
What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
68
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of the peritoneal cavity?
There is no such thing. Trick question.
69
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of a joint space?
Synovioma
70
What type of epithelium lines the oral cavity?
Stratified squamous
71
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the stomach lining?
Gastric adenocarcinoma
72
Which of the following terms is the odd one out, and why? (a) cancer; (b) growth; (c) lump; (d) mass; (e) tumour
(a) Cancer. This is the only term that has a precise meaning. The other four terms are vague lay-terms with meanings open to interpretation.
73
What type of epithelium lines the small intestine?
Simple cuboidal to simple columnar
74
Cells of the body can be (for the most part) grouped into two broad categories: mesenchymal and _______
Epithelial
75
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the gall bladder lining?
Biliary adenocarcinoma
76
Define the term neoplasm. Your answer should include the important criteria that distinguish neoplasia from other processes that cause organs and tissues to enlarge, such as hyperplasia or edema
A neoplasm is a “new growth” composed of cells, (1) originally derived from normal tissues, that have (2) undergone heritable genetic changes allowing them to become (3) relatively unresponsive to normal growth controls and to (4) expand beyond their normal anatomic boundaries.
77
What information is contained in the term pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm of exocrine pancreas (epithelial neoplasm)
78
What type of epithelium lines the primary bronchi?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
79
What type of epithelium lines the antral part of the stomach?
Simple cuboidal to simple columnar
80
What information is contained in the term ocular squamous cell carcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm of surface of cornea, third eyelid or conjunctiva (epithelial neoplasm)
81
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the corneal surface?
Squamous papilloma
82
What type of epithelium lines the proximal urethra?
Transitional
83
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the adrenal medulla?
Malignant pheochromocytoma
84
A neoplasm arising from the shaft of the tibia would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Mesenchymal
85
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of a joint space?
Synovial sarcoma
86
What information is contained in the term nasal adenocarcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm of nasal epithelium (epithelial neoplasm)
87
What information is contained in the term adrenocortical adenocarcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm of adrenal cortex (epithelial neoplasm)
88
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the adrenal cortex?
Adrenocortical adenoma
89
Name three body components derived from neural crest cells / neuroectoderm.
1. Nervous system
2. Melanocytes
3. Adrenal medulla
90
A neoplasm arising from the striated muscle of the heart would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Mesenchymal
91
A neoplasm arising from the ductal system of the pancreas would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Epithelial
92
What is the term for structurally normal tissue forming in an abnormal location (e.g., hair growing from the tongue or cornea)?
Choristoma. This is NOT a neoplasm
93
In which organs are teratomas most common?
Gonads (ovaries and testes)
94
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the esophageal lining?
Squamous cell carcinoma
95
A neoplasm arising from the inner surface of the cheek would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Epithelial
96
What is the term for a tumor-like malformation composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass? (e.g., port wine stain in a human).
Hamartoma. This is NOT a neoplasm.
97
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the sebaceous glands?
Sebaceous adenocarcinoma
98
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of a blood vessel?
Hemangiosarcoma
99
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of cartilage?
Chondrosarcoma
100
There are 5 major types of epithelium throughout the body. Name all five.
1. Stratified squamous; 2. Simple squamous; 3. Simple cuboidal to simple columnar; 4. Transitional; 5. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
101
A neoplasm arising from the mammary lobules would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Epithelial
102
The adrenal medulla is derived from which embryologic cells?
Neuroectoderm or neural crest cells
103
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland?
Thyroid adenocarcinoma
104
What type of epithelium lines the pulmonary alveoli?
Simple squamous
105
What type of epithelium lines the oral cavity?
Stratified squamous
106
A neoplasm arising from the striated muscle of the abdominal wall would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Mesenchymal
107
What information is contained in the term thyroid adenoma?
Benign neoplasm of thyroid epithelium (epithelial neoplasm)
108
Which is the odd one out, and why? (a) endothelium; (b) epidermis; (c) mesothelium; (d) synovium.
(b) Epidermis is the odd one out. It is the only epithelium in the list NOT derived from the mesodermal layer of the embryo. It is derived from ectoderm.
109
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of the pleural cavity?
Mesothelioma (NOT mesotheliosarcoma; there is no such term)
110
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of melanocytes in animals?
Melanoma, benign melanoma or melanocytoma
111
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of the pericardial cavity?
Mesothelioma (NOT mesotheliosarcoma; there is no such term)
112
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the esophageal lining?
Squamous papilloma
113
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of the proximal urethra?
Transitional cell carcinoma
114
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of a lymphatic vessel?
Lymphangioma
115
What type of epithelium lines the ureters?
Transitional
116
What information is contained in the term pulmonary adenocarcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm of lung (epithelial neoplasm)
117
What are plasma cells?
Plasma cells are “pregnant” B lymphocytes that contain abundant RER, Golgi apparatus and immunoglobulins
118
A neoplasm arising from the lining of the urinary bladder would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Epithelial
119
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of melanocytes in animals?
Malignant melanoma
120
What information is contained in the term dermal fibrosarcoma?
Malignant neoplasm of skin fibroblasts (mesenchymal neoplasm)
121
What information is contained in the term uterine leiomyoma?
Benign neoplasm of smooth muscle of uterine wall (mesenchymal neoplasm)
122
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of the ureter?
Transitional cell carcinoma
123
A neoplasm arising from the wall of the uterus would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Mesenchymal
124
What, in medical terms, is the definition of cancer?
Malignant neoplasia
125
The nervous system is derived from which embryologic cells?
Neuroectoderm or neural crest cells
126
What are histiocytes?
“Histiocyte” is the generic term for macrophages and dendritic cells
127
Cells of the body can be (for the most part) grouped into two broad categories: epithelial and _______
Mesenchymal
128
Name three linings of the body that are derived from the mesodermal layer of the embryo and so give rise to mesenchymal neoplasms.
1. The lining of blood and lymphatic vessels (known as endothelium)
2. The lining of the pleura, pericardium, & peritoneum (known as mesothelium)
3. The lining of joints (known as synovium)
129
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the non-glandular stomach?
Squamous papilloma
130
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of bone?
Osteosarcoma
131
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of cartilage?
Chondroma
132
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of a blood vessel?
Hemangioma
133
A neoplasm arising from the renal tubules would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Epithelial
134
What information is contained in the term aural squamous cell carcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm of skin of pinna (epithelial neoplasm)
135
What is a teratoma?
A neoplasm that contains ecto-, meso- and endodermal elements, all of which are neoplastic
136
What does the suffix -blastoma imply about a neoplasm?
It is a neoplasm derived from stem cells
137
What is the term for a tumor that contains ecto-, meso- and endodermal elements, all of which are neoplastic?
Teratoma
138
What information is contained in the term lingual squamous cell carcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm of tongue surface (epithelial neoplasm)
139
Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes. True or false?
True. Remember that lymphoma is exactly the same as lymphosarcoma. Also remember that there is no such thing as a benign lymphocytic neoplasm; all lymphocytic neoplasms are malignant.
140
A neoplasm arising from the smooth muscle of the intestine would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Mesenchymal
141
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the exocrine pancreas?
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
142
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of the pleural cavity?
There is no such thing. Trick question.
143
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the gall bladder lining?
Biliary adenoma
144
A neoplasm arising from lymphocytes would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?
Mesenchymal
145
What information is contained in the term adrenocortical adenoma?
Benign neoplasm of adrenal cortex (epithelial neoplasm)
146
What type of epithelium lines the uterus?
Simple cuboidal to simple columnar
147
What information is contained in the term sebaceous adenoma?
Benign neoplasm of sebaceous glands (epithelial neoplasm)
148
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the skin surface?
Squamous papilloma
149
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the adrenal medulla?
Pheochromocytoma
150
What is the term for a benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue?
Fibroma
151
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the skin surface?
Squamous cell carcinoma
152
What information is contained in the term hepatocellular adenocarcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm of liver cells (epithelial neoplasm)
153
There are 5 major types of epithelium throughout the body. Which are considered secretory and/or absorptive?
1. Simple squamous; 2. Simple cuboidal to simple columnar; 3. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
154
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle?
Leiomyosarcoma
155
Name the four cell types that comprise "round cells."
1. Lymphocytes
2. Plasma cells
3. Mast cells
4. Histiocytes
156
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the urinary bladder lining?
Transitional cell carcinoma
