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342 - Pathologic Basis of Disease > Neoplasia (Terminology) > Flashcards

Neoplasia (Terminology) Flashcards

1
Q

Melanocytes are derived from which embryologic cells?

A

Neuroectoderm or neural crest cells

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2
Q

What type of epithelium lines the renal proximal tubules?

A

Simple cuboidal to simple columnar

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3
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the stomach lining?

A

Gastric adenoma

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4
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroid adenoma

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5
Q

A neoplasm arising from the epidermis of the skin would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Epithelial

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6
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the non-glandular stomach?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Which is the odd one out, and why? (a) Carcinoma; (b) Choristoma; (c) Melanoma; (d) Sarcoma.

A

(b) Choristoma, because it is the only member of the list that is NOT a neoplasm. A choristoma is structurally normal tissue forming in an abnormal location (e.g., hair growing from the tongue or cornea).

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8
Q

Lymphoma is a benign neoplasm of lymphocytes. True or false?

A

False. There is no such thing as a benign lymphocytic neoplasm. All lymphocytic neoplasms are malignant. Lymphoma is exactly the same as lymphosarcoma.

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9
Q

What type of epithelium lines blood vessels?

A

Simple squamous

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10
Q

Which is the odd one out, and why? (a) Carcinoma; (b) Choristoma; (c) Hematoma (d) Hamartoma.

A

(a) Carcinoma, because it is the only member of the list that is a neoplasm. The remaining three are non-neoplasms.

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11
Q

What information is contained in the term biliary adenoma?

A

Benign neoplasm of biliary system, either extrahepatic (i.e., gall bladder lining) or intrahepatic (epithelial neoplasm)

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12
Q

A neoplasm arising from the rib cartilage would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Mesenchymal

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13
Q

A neoplasm arising from the sebaceous glands would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Epithelial

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14
Q

A neoplasm arising from the corneal surface would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Epithelial

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15
Q

What type of epithelium lines the large intestine?

A

Simple cuboidal to simple columnar

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16
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the adrenal cortex?

A

Adrenocortical adenocarcinoma

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17
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of smooth muscle?

A

Leiomyoma

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18
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the mammary gland lobules?

A

Mammary adenocarcinoma

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19
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the exocrine pancreas?

A

Pancreatic adenoma

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20
Q

There are 5 major types of epithelium throughout the body. Which are considered non-secretory and non-absorptive?

A
  1. Stratified squamous; 2. Transitional
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21
Q

What type of epithelium lines the skin?

A

Stratified squamous

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22
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of fat?

A

Liposarcoma

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23
Q

What are mast cells?

A

Mast cells are migratory cells that live in perivascular connective tissue and produce, among other things, histamine

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24
Q

What information is contained in the term chondrosarcoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of cartilage (mesenchymal neoplasm)

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25
Q

A neoplasm arising from hepatocytes of the liver would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Epithelial

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26
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of a lymphatic vessel?

A

Lymphangiosarcoma

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27
Q

What information is contained in the term gastric squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of NON-glandular part of stomach lining (epithelial neoplasm)

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28
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of fibrous tissue?

A

Fibrosarcoma

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29
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the urinary bladder lining?

A

Transitional papilloma

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30
Q

What type of epithelium lines the vagina?

A

Stratified squamous

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31
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of the ureter?

A

Transitional papilloma

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32
Q

Lymphosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes. True or false?

A

True. Remember that lymphoma is exactly the same as lymphosarcoma. Also remember that there is no such thing as a benign lymphocytic neoplasm; all lymphocytic neoplasms are malignant.

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33
Q

What type of epithelium lines the penis?

A

Stratified squamous

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34
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the sebaceous glands?

A

Sebaceous adenoma

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35
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the vulvar skin?

A

Squamous papilloma

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36
Q

A neoplasm arising from adipose tissue would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Mesenchymal

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37
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of striated muscle?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

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38
Q

What type of epithelium lines the esophagus?

A

Stratified squamous

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39
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of striated muscle?

A

Rhabdomyoma

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40
Q

What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder?

A

Transitional

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41
Q

A neoplasm arising from plasma cells would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Mesenchymal

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42
Q

What type of epithelium lines the caudal nasal passages?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells

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43
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the corneal surface?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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44
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the vulvar skin?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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45
Q

Macrophages and dendritic cells may be grouped together as _______.

A

Histiocytes or histiocytic cells

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46
Q

What information is contained in the term gastric leiomyosarcoma?

A

Benign neoplasm of smooth muscle of stomach wall (mesenchymal neoplasm)

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47
Q

What is the suffix used for tumors that develop from stem cells?

A

-blastoma

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48
Q

What type of epithelium lines lymphatic vessels?

A

Simple squamous

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49
Q

What information is contained in the term lipoma?

A

Benign neoplasm of fat (mesenchymal neoplasm)

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50
Q

A neoplasm arising from the adrenal cortex would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Epithelial

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51
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

A tumor-like malformation composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass (e.g., port wine stain in a human). It is NOT a neoplasm

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52
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of the peritoneal cavity?

A

Mesothelioma (NOT mesotheliosarcoma; there is no such term)

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53
Q

What type of epithelium lines the distal urethra?

A

Stratified squamous

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54
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the underside of the tongue?

A

Squamous papilloma

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55
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of the proximal urethra?

A

Transitional papilloma

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56
Q

What information is contained in the term osteosarcoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of bone (mesenchymal neoplasm)

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57
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of the pericardial cavity?

A

There is no such thing. Trick question.

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58
Q

What type of epithelium lines the nictitating membrane?

A

Stratified squamous

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59
Q

What information is contained in the term transitional cell carcinoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of lower urinary tract lining (epithelial neoplasm)

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60
Q

What type of epithelium lines the oropharynx?

A

Stratified squamous

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61
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the mammary gland lobules?

A

Mammary adenoma

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62
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the underside of the tongue?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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63
Q

What is a choristoma?

A

Structurally normal tissue forming in an abnormal location (e.g., hair growing from the tongue or cornea). It is NOT a neoplasm

64
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of bone?

A

Osteoma

65
Q

What information is contained in the term pituitary adenoma?

A

Benign neoplasm of pituitary gland (epithelial neoplasm)

66
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of fat?

A

Lipoma

67
Q

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells

68
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of the peritoneal cavity?

A

There is no such thing. Trick question.

69
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of a joint space?

A

Synovioma

70
Q

What type of epithelium lines the oral cavity?

A

Stratified squamous

71
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the stomach lining?

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

72
Q

Which of the following terms is the odd one out, and why? (a) cancer; (b) growth; (c) lump; (d) mass; (e) tumour

A

(a) Cancer. This is the only term that has a precise meaning. The other four terms are vague lay-terms with meanings open to interpretation.

73
Q

What type of epithelium lines the small intestine?

A

Simple cuboidal to simple columnar

74
Q

Cells of the body can be (for the most part) grouped into two broad categories: mesenchymal and _______

A

Epithelial

75
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the gall bladder lining?

A

Biliary adenocarcinoma

76
Q

Define the term neoplasm. Your answer should include the important criteria that distinguish neoplasia from other processes that cause organs and tissues to enlarge, such as hyperplasia or edema

A

A neoplasm is a “new growth” composed of cells, (1) originally derived from normal tissues, that have (2) undergone heritable genetic changes allowing them to become (3) relatively unresponsive to normal growth controls and to (4) expand beyond their normal anatomic boundaries.

77
Q

What information is contained in the term pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of exocrine pancreas (epithelial neoplasm)

78
Q

What type of epithelium lines the primary bronchi?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells

79
Q

What type of epithelium lines the antral part of the stomach?

A

Simple cuboidal to simple columnar

80
Q

What information is contained in the term ocular squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of surface of cornea, third eyelid or conjunctiva (epithelial neoplasm)

81
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the corneal surface?

A

Squamous papilloma

82
Q

What type of epithelium lines the proximal urethra?

A

Transitional

83
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the adrenal medulla?

A

Malignant pheochromocytoma

84
Q

A neoplasm arising from the shaft of the tibia would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Mesenchymal

85
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of a joint space?

A

Synovial sarcoma

86
Q

What information is contained in the term nasal adenocarcinoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of nasal epithelium (epithelial neoplasm)

87
Q

What information is contained in the term adrenocortical adenocarcinoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of adrenal cortex (epithelial neoplasm)

88
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the adrenal cortex?

A

Adrenocortical adenoma

89
Q

Name three body components derived from neural crest cells / neuroectoderm.

A
  1. Nervous system
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Adrenal medulla
90
Q

A neoplasm arising from the striated muscle of the heart would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Mesenchymal

91
Q

A neoplasm arising from the ductal system of the pancreas would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Epithelial

92
Q

What is the term for structurally normal tissue forming in an abnormal location (e.g., hair growing from the tongue or cornea)?

A

Choristoma. This is NOT a neoplasm

93
Q

In which organs are teratomas most common?

A

Gonads (ovaries and testes)

94
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the esophageal lining?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

95
Q

A neoplasm arising from the inner surface of the cheek would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Epithelial

96
Q

What is the term for a tumor-like malformation composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass? (e.g., port wine stain in a human).

A

Hamartoma. This is NOT a neoplasm.

97
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the sebaceous glands?

A

Sebaceous adenocarcinoma

98
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of a blood vessel?

A

Hemangiosarcoma

99
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of cartilage?

A

Chondrosarcoma

100
Q

There are 5 major types of epithelium throughout the body. Name all five.

A
  1. Stratified squamous; 2. Simple squamous; 3. Simple cuboidal to simple columnar; 4. Transitional; 5. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
101
Q

A neoplasm arising from the mammary lobules would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Epithelial

102
Q

The adrenal medulla is derived from which embryologic cells?

A

Neuroectoderm or neural crest cells

103
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroid adenocarcinoma

104
Q

What type of epithelium lines the pulmonary alveoli?

A

Simple squamous

105
Q

What type of epithelium lines the oral cavity?

A

Stratified squamous

106
Q

A neoplasm arising from the striated muscle of the abdominal wall would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Mesenchymal

107
Q

What information is contained in the term thyroid adenoma?

A

Benign neoplasm of thyroid epithelium (epithelial neoplasm)

108
Q

Which is the odd one out, and why? (a) endothelium; (b) epidermis; (c) mesothelium; (d) synovium.

A

(b) Epidermis is the odd one out. It is the only epithelium in the list NOT derived from the mesodermal layer of the embryo. It is derived from ectoderm.

109
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of the pleural cavity?

A

Mesothelioma (NOT mesotheliosarcoma; there is no such term)

110
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of melanocytes in animals?

A

Melanoma, benign melanoma or melanocytoma

111
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of the pericardial cavity?

A

Mesothelioma (NOT mesotheliosarcoma; there is no such term)

112
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the esophageal lining?

A

Squamous papilloma

113
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of the proximal urethra?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

114
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of a lymphatic vessel?

A

Lymphangioma

115
Q

What type of epithelium lines the ureters?

A

Transitional

116
Q

What information is contained in the term pulmonary adenocarcinoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of lung (epithelial neoplasm)

117
Q

What are plasma cells?

A

Plasma cells are “pregnant” B lymphocytes that contain abundant RER, Golgi apparatus and immunoglobulins

118
Q

A neoplasm arising from the lining of the urinary bladder would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Epithelial

119
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of melanocytes in animals?

A

Malignant melanoma

120
Q

What information is contained in the term dermal fibrosarcoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of skin fibroblasts (mesenchymal neoplasm)

121
Q

What information is contained in the term uterine leiomyoma?

A

Benign neoplasm of smooth muscle of uterine wall (mesenchymal neoplasm)

122
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the lining of the ureter?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

123
Q

A neoplasm arising from the wall of the uterus would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Mesenchymal

124
Q

What, in medical terms, is the definition of cancer?

A

Malignant neoplasia

125
Q

The nervous system is derived from which embryologic cells?

A

Neuroectoderm or neural crest cells

126
Q

What are histiocytes?

A

“Histiocyte” is the generic term for macrophages and dendritic cells

127
Q

Cells of the body can be (for the most part) grouped into two broad categories: epithelial and _______

A

Mesenchymal

128
Q

Name three linings of the body that are derived from the mesodermal layer of the embryo and so give rise to mesenchymal neoplasms.

A
  1. The lining of blood and lymphatic vessels (known as endothelium)
  2. The lining of the pleura, pericardium, & peritoneum (known as mesothelium)
  3. The lining of joints (known as synovium)
129
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the non-glandular stomach?

A

Squamous papilloma

130
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of bone?

A

Osteosarcoma

131
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of cartilage?

A

Chondroma

132
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of a blood vessel?

A

Hemangioma

133
Q

A neoplasm arising from the renal tubules would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Epithelial

134
Q

What information is contained in the term aural squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of skin of pinna (epithelial neoplasm)

135
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

A neoplasm that contains ecto-, meso- and endodermal elements, all of which are neoplastic

136
Q

What does the suffix -blastoma imply about a neoplasm?

A

It is a neoplasm derived from stem cells

137
Q

What is the term for a tumor that contains ecto-, meso- and endodermal elements, all of which are neoplastic?

A

Teratoma

138
Q

What information is contained in the term lingual squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of tongue surface (epithelial neoplasm)

139
Q

Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes. True or false?

A

True. Remember that lymphoma is exactly the same as lymphosarcoma. Also remember that there is no such thing as a benign lymphocytic neoplasm; all lymphocytic neoplasms are malignant.

140
Q

A neoplasm arising from the smooth muscle of the intestine would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Mesenchymal

141
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the exocrine pancreas?

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

142
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the lining of the pleural cavity?

A

There is no such thing. Trick question.

143
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the gall bladder lining?

A

Biliary adenoma

144
Q

A neoplasm arising from lymphocytes would be classified as either mesenchymal or epithelial. Which one?

A

Mesenchymal

145
Q

What information is contained in the term adrenocortical adenoma?

A

Benign neoplasm of adrenal cortex (epithelial neoplasm)

146
Q

What type of epithelium lines the uterus?

A

Simple cuboidal to simple columnar

147
Q

What information is contained in the term sebaceous adenoma?

A

Benign neoplasm of sebaceous glands (epithelial neoplasm)

148
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the skin surface?

A

Squamous papilloma

149
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of the adrenal medulla?

A

Pheochromocytoma

150
Q

What is the term for a benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue?

A

Fibroma

151
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the skin surface?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

152
Q

What information is contained in the term hepatocellular adenocarcinoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of liver cells (epithelial neoplasm)

153
Q

There are 5 major types of epithelium throughout the body. Which are considered secretory and/or absorptive?

A
  1. Simple squamous; 2. Simple cuboidal to simple columnar; 3. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
154
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

155
Q

Name the four cell types that comprise “round cells.”

A
  1. Lymphocytes
  2. Plasma cells
  3. Mast cells
  4. Histiocytes
156
Q

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of the urinary bladder lining?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

342 - Pathologic Basis of Disease (14 decks)

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