Neoplasia I

Question 1

Neoplasia definition

Answer 1

“New growth”

Lack of responsiveness to normal growth controls

Question 2

Oncology definition

Answer 2

Study of neoplasms

Question 3

Benign neoplasm

Answer 3

Remains localized
Cannot spread to other sites
Generally amenable to surgical removal and patient survival

Question 4

Malignant neoplasm

Answer 4

“Cancer”
Has the potential to invade and destroy adjacent normal tissue and spread to distant anatomic sites (metastasis)
Often leads to the death of the patient, especially without treatment

Question 5

Parenchyma cells

Answer 5

The transformed or neoplastic cells - the cells from which the neoplasm was derived

Question 6

What determines the biologic behavior of a neoplasm?

Answer 6

The parenchymal component - this is also where the neoplasm gets its name

Question 7

Stroma

Answer 7

Refers to the “supporting” tissue of the tumor

The non-neoplastic blood vessels that supply the parenchyma

Question 8

How do you name a benign tumor (or most of them)?

Answer 8

Attach the suffix “-oma” to the root word that describes the parenchymal cell type
ie - Fibroma = benign tumor of fibrous tissue origin

Question 9

What is another way to name benign tumors?

Answer 9

Via their physical features
Adenoma - benign gland-forming epithelial tumor or tumor derived from glandular tissue
Papilloma - benign surface epithelial tumor characterized by numerous finger-like projections

Question 10

Hamartoma

Answer 10

Proliferation of tissue normally found at that site

Question 11

Choristoma

Answer 11

Collection of tissue not normally found at that anatomic site
“Heterotopic rest”

Question 12

Teratoma

Answer 12

Neoplam derived from more than one germ layer
-can be all three, but has to be at least 2
Behavior ranges from benign to agressive

Question 13

Malignant mesenchymal neoplasm nomeclature

Answer 13

Attach the suffix “-sarcoma” to the root word describing the parenchymal tissue of origin

Question 14

Malignant epithelial neoplasm nomeclature

Answer 14

Carcinomas

ie, epithelial squamous cell carcinoma

Question 15

What are the exceptions to malignancy nomeclature?

Answer 15

Lymphoma - malignancy of lymphatic origin
Melanoma - malignancy of melanocytic origin
Mesothelioma - pleural malignancy
Seminoma - testicular malignancy

Question 16

Differentiation definition

Answer 16

It refers to how well the parenchymal cells of the neoplasm resemble their normal tissue of origin
aka - the parenchymal cells bear a strong resemblance to the tissue form which the tumor arose

Question 17

Benign tumor differentiation

Answer 17

Almost always closely resemble normal tissue microscopally (well differentiated)

Question 18

Malignant neoplasm differentiation

Answer 18

They may exhibit a wide range of differentiation - from well differentiated to extremely poor differentiated

Question 19

Poorly differentiated malignancies are described as what?

Answer 19

Anaplastic

Question 20

Anaplasia

Answer 20

Most extreme disturbance in cell growth and differentiation

Question 21

Characteristics of Anaplasia

Answer 21

Pleomorphism (variation in size and shape)
Nuclear hyperchromatism
Increased nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
Atypical nuclei
Numerous and atypical mitoses

Question 22

Dysplasia

Answer 22

Disorderly, but non-neoplastic growth or proliferation
Usually refers to epithelial process of maturation
Cellular atypia and architectural changes, ranging from mild to carcinoma-in-situ
Potential to become invasive carcinoma

Question 23

Carcinoma-in-siu

Answer 23

Has all of the microscopic features of cancer, but the atypical cells have not invaded into the host

Question 24

Benign tumors often well-differentiated are more likely to what?

Answer 24

Retain function compared to malignancies

Question 25

T/F - Malignancies may produce proteins that are functional, but unrelated to the tissue type of the tumor

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Benign tumor growth rate

Answer 26

Slow

Question 27

Well-differentiated malignancies growth rate

Answer 27

Relatively slow

Question 28

Poorly-differentiated malignancies growth rate

Answer 28

Rapid

Question 29

What happens to some rapidly growing tumors?

Answer 29

They outgrow their blood supply, resulting in areas of ischemic necrosis

Question 30

What can slow growth in a benign neoplasm result in?

Answer 30

Usually results in formation of a compressed layer of CT enclosing the tumor (A capsule)
Most, but not all benign tumors have this capsule

Question 31

What is the most reliable feature of Malignancies?

Answer 31

They grow by infiltration, invasion, and destruction of surrounding/local tissue
Lack well-defined capsules