NEOPLASIA

Question 1

Which one of the following tumours never metastasises?

• Malignant melanoma
• Small carcinoma of the lung
• Basal cell carcinoma of the skin
• Breast cancer

Answer 1

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 2

What is the name of the malignant tumour of striated muscle?

Answer 2

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 3

Which of the following tumours does not commonly metastasise to bone?

• Breast cancer
• Lung cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Liposarcoma

Answer 3

Liposarcoma

- Breast, lung, prostate, renal and thyroid cancers are the most common to metastasise to bone

Question 4

Which term describes a cancer that has not invaded through the basement membrane?

Answer 4

Carcinoma in-situ

Question 5

Describe the structure of T lymphocytes.

Answer 5

• Large nucleus
• Small cytoplasm
  Note: B lymphocytes have a large cytoplasm filled with endoplasmic reticulum for the production of antibodies

Question 6

What is the name of a benign tumour of glandular epithelium?

Answer 6

Adenoma

Question 7

Which one of these tumours does not have a screening programme in the UK?

• Breast cancer
• Colorectal cancer
• Cervical cancer
• Lung cancer

Answer 7

Lung cancer

Question 8

Which of the following is not known to be a carcinogen in humans?

• Hepatitis C virus
• Ionising radiation
• Aromatic amines
• Aspergillus niger

Answer 8

Aspergillus niger

• Hepatitis C causes hepatocellular carcinoma
• Ionising radiation causes many types of cancer
• Aromatic amines cause bladder carcinoma due to collecting there

Question 9

What is the name of a benign tumour of fat cells?

Answer 9

Lipoma

Question 10

What is the name of a malignant tumour of glandular epithelium?

Answer 10

Adenocarcinoma

Question 11

Which one of the following is not a feature of malignant tumours?

• Vascular invasion
• Metastasis
• Increased cell division
• Growth related to overall body growth

Answer 11

Growth related to overall body growth

Question 12

True of false: a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is a malignant tumour.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True of false: a leiomyoma is a benign tumour of smooth muscle.

Answer 13

True

- most common is uterus

Question 14

True or false: radon gas is a cause of lung cancer.

Answer 14

True

- type of ionising radiation, alpha particles so only act locally

Question 15

True or false: asbestos is a human carcinogen.

Answer 15

True

- most commonly cause mesothelioma

Question 16

Which lifestyle factor is most likely to cause cancer?

• Drinking half a bottle of wine a day
• Being obese
• Running for 20 minutes twice a week
• Smoking 20 cigarettes a day

Answer 16

Smoking 20 cigarettes a day

- 26x risk of cancers

Question 17

Which tumour has the shortest median survival?

• Basal cell carcinoma of the skin
• Malignant melanoma of the skin
• Breast cancer
• Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid

Answer 17

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid

- 2 months

Question 18

True or false: ovarian cancer commonly spreads in the peritoneum.

Answer 18

True

- hence why it is difficult to treat

Question 19

After 6 weeks in a leg cast, a man notices his leg is smaller than the other leg. What term is used to explain what happened?

Answer 19

Atrophy