Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cancer and Neoplasia > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

What does neoplasia mean?

A

New growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is a tumour formed?

A

By an excessive uncontrolled proliferation of cells as a result of irreversible genetic change which is passed from one tumour cell to its prodegy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are labile cells?

A

Cells which have a constant turnover and so need to be constantly replenished. These include blood and skin cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Permanent cells are those which cannot proliferate and will no grow back if they are damaged. Give an example of this type of cell.

A

Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is necrosis different from apoptosis?

A

Necrosis is abnormal cell death usually as a result of disease and is not controlled. Necrosis involves swelling and is always detrimental. It can cause inflammation and tissue death.
Apoptosis is controlled/programmed cell death. It is usually beneficial and has no symptoms. It results in the shrinking of the cell and is initiated by internal factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

An increase in cell number and thus an increase in the size of the tissue/organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give an example of where hyperplasia would occur normally in the body?

A

The expansion of the uterus during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

An increase in the size of the organ/tissue due to an increase in cell size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In metastatic tumours, what is the primary tumour?

A

The tumour at the site of origin where the tumour began

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In metastatic tumours, what is the secondary tumour?

A

This is the tumour at sites other than the site of origin that the tumour has spread to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cancer is the result of benign tumours. T/F?

A

False- it is the result of malignant tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compare the growth pattern and growth rate of benign vs malignant tumours?

A

Benign - expansion remains localised and growth rate is generally slow
Malignant - infiltrates locally then spreads to other areas (metastasises) this happens at a fast rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Compare the nuclei of cells in a benign tumour vs a malignant one.

A

Benign tumours have small, regular and uniform nuclei

Malignant tumours have larger, pleomorphic nuclei with increased DNA content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Compare the histology of benign vs malignant tumours.

A

Benign tumours resemble the tissue of origin

Malignant tumours often differ from the tissue of origin and are less well differentiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the clinical effects of a benign tumour?

A

Local pressure

Effects hormone secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the clinical effects of a malignant tumour?

A

Local pressure and destruction causing pain
Distant metastases causing metastatic effects such as seizures if tumour has spread to brain or anaemia if spread to bone marrow
Inappropriate hormone secretion
Loss of appetite, weight loss, wasting
Generally unwell
Anaemia
Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are benign tumours treated?

A

By local excision

18
Q

How are malignant tumours treated?

A

By local excision alongside radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy

19
Q

What is dysplasia?

A

A pre-cancerous stage of disordered epithelial growth which is characterised by loss of architectural orientation and development of cellular atypia

20
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

A change from one type of differentiated tissue to another. Often the resulting tissue is better adapted to the environment. Often this can be a precursor to dysplasia and cancer

21
Q

What is the general term for benign covering epithelial tumours?

A

Papilloma

22
Q

What is the general term for benign glandular epithelial tumours?

A

Adenoma

23
Q

What is the general term for benign epithelia covering solid organ tumours?

A

Adenoma

24
Q

What is the general term for benign smooth muscle tumours?

A

Leiomyoma

25
Q

What is the general term for benign skeletal muscle tumours?

A

Rhabdomyoma

26
Q

What is the general term for benign bone forming tumours?

A

Osteoma

27
Q

What is the general term for benign cartilage tumours?

A

Chondroma

28
Q

What is the general term for benign fibrous tumours?

A

Fibroma

29
Q

What is the general term for benign blood vessel tumours?

A

Angioma

30
Q

What is the general term for benign adipose tumours?

A

Lipoma

31
Q

What is the general term for malignant covering epithelial tumours?

A

Carcinoma

32
Q

What is the general term for malignant glandular epithelial tumours?

A

Adenocarcinoma

33
Q

What is the general term for malignant epithelia covering solid organ tumours?

A

Carcinoma

34
Q

What is the general term for malignant smooth muscle tumours?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

35
Q

What is the general term for malignant skeletal muscle tumours?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

36
Q

In what type of malignant tumour is lymphatic spread most common?

A

Carcinoma

37
Q

In what type of malignant tumour is blood spread most common?

A

Sarcomas

38
Q

What is transcoelomic spread of malignant tumours and what types of tumour is it most common in?

A

It is the spread of the tumour across cavities. It is common in cancers of the ovary and stomach and malignant medithelioma

39
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

A new and abnormal growth - specifically one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive

40
Q

How do neoplasms differ histologically from their corresponding normal tissues?

A

Loss or reduction in differentiation
Loss or reduction in cellular cohesion
Nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, pleomorphism,
Increased mitotic activity

Cancer and Neoplasia (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions