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Pathology 1 > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Autocrine loop in GBM done by

A

PDGF, PDGF-R, SIS oncogene

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2
Q

Autocrine loop in Gastric carcinoma done by

A

FGF3, FGF3-R

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3
Q

What is the mutation seen in GIST?

A

c-KIT (75-80% cases)

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4
Q

What cell gives rise to GIST?

From what laye?

A

interstitial cell of Cajal

Muscular layer

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5
Q

a EML4-ALK gene rearrangement increases risk for ___ in who ____.

A

Lung adenocarcinoma

Non-smokers

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6
Q

Ras mutations are seen in…

A

90% Pancreatic adenomas & cholangiomas

50% Colon, Endometrial, Thyroid cancers

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7
Q

BRAF mutations can lead to ___ and ___.

A

Hairy cell leukemia

Melanomas

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8
Q

PI3K + PTEN mutations seen in ___ and ___.

A

Breast carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma

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9
Q

What mutation can be associated to Polycythemia vera, Primary Myelofribrosis and Essential thrombocytosis?

A

JAK 2 (NRTK) mutation

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10
Q

What is the translocation of CML?

A

t(9;22)

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11
Q

What is the fusion protein produced in CML?

A

ABL:BCR (Philadelphia chromosome)

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12
Q

c-MYC dysregulation can be seen in?

A

Burkitts Lymphoma

Breast carcinoma

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13
Q

What is the translocation in Burkitt’s Lymphoma?

A

t(8;14)

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14
Q

N-MYC amplification gives a poor outcome on which cancer?

A

Neuroblastoma

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15
Q

What is the translocation in Mantle cell lymphoma?

A

t(11;14)

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16
Q

Cyclin D1 mutation is a ____ mutation.

A

GOF

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17
Q

Germaine mutation on ______ produces Familial Melanoma. Said mutation is ____.

A

CDKN2A (p16)

LOF

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18
Q

Sporadic mutations on CDKN2A can produce…

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
GBM
Esophageal carcinoma

19
Q

Name 3 characteristics Familial retinoblastoma.

A

Bilateral tumors
Earlier in life
increased risk of OS later in life.
1 gremlin mutation and 1 sporadic

20
Q

Name characteristics of Sporadic retinoblastoma.

A

unilateral tumors

2 somatic mutations occur in same cell

21
Q

LiFraumeni syndrome caused by mutation on ____.

A

TP53 gene.

22
Q

Mention two examples of malignancies that don’t mets.

A

GBM

Basal cell carcinoma

23
Q

Give an example of a Benign tumor that doesn’t have a capsule.

A

Hemangioma (risk of recurrence if not resected completely)

24
Q

Give an example of a Malignant tumor with a capsule.

A

RCC

Actually a pseudocapsule.

25
Q

Name two places where tumors could arise that lead to pseudomyxoma peritoni.

A

Ovary, Appendix

26
Q

Seeding into CSF can occur in ___ and ___.

A

GBM, ALL

27
Q

A Krukenberg tumor, arises from ____ and shows bilateral deposits on ___.
Characterized by ____ appearance.

A 
Gastric carcinoma, Ovaries
Signet ring (Cell filled with mucins and nucleus pushed to the side)
28
Q

Perineurial invasion can be seen 4 types of tumors. Name them.

A

Pancoast tumor
Prostate tumor
Pancreatic tumor
Salivary gland malignancies

29
Q

IBD and Villous adenoma of rectum increase risk of ____.

A

Adenocarcinoma of colon

30
Q

Barret’s esophagus is pre-existing lesion for___.

A

Adenocarcinoma of esophagus

31
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma’s predisposing conditions are___, ___.

A 
Chronic hepatitis (HBV, HCV)
Regenerative nodules in cirrhosis
32
Q

Chronic Osteomyelitis can lead to___.

A

Sinus formation and Cutaneous SCC

33
Q

Bronchial mucosa associated to ___ is a precursor lesion for ___.

A

chronic smoking

Squamous metaplasia carcinoma

34
Q

___, ___ and ___ are all precursor lesions of a type of SCC.

A

Solar keratosis
Leukoplakia
Schistosomiasis

35
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis associated with ___ can lead to ___.

A

Pernicious anemia

Gastric adenocarcinoma

36
Q 
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MPS) can MC lead to development of \_\_\_.
Explain what MPS is.
A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

Immune blood cells in bone marrow don’t mature or become health blood cells.

37
Q

A ____ can lead to develop ___, which is characterized by high concentration of ___ and can be confused with a pregnancy.

A

Complete hydatidiform mole
Choriocarcinoma
beta-hCG

38
Q

Name 4 characteristic of NF-1.

A

Benign neurofibromas
Cafe-au-lait spots
Lisch nodules
Pheochromocytoma

39
Q

Hereditary RCC is associated to mutated ___.

A

von Hippel Lindau mutation

40
Q

Mutation in PTCH from the Hedgehog pathway leads to ___.

A

Goblin Syndrome (Nevoid Basal cell carcinoma)

41
Q

Film’s tumor is exclusively a ____ malignancy, and caused by mutated___.

A

Pediatric

WT1 mutation

42
Q

Familial Gastric carcinoma is associated with mutated ___.

A

CDH1 (E-cadherin)

43
Q

SMAD4 mutations associated to ___.

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Pathology 1 (1 decks)

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