Neoplasia

Question 1

Autocrine loop in GBM done by

Answer 1

PDGF, PDGF-R, SIS oncogene

Question 2

Autocrine loop in Gastric carcinoma done by

Answer 2

FGF3, FGF3-R

Question 3

What is the mutation seen in GIST?

Answer 3

c-KIT (75-80% cases)

Question 4

What cell gives rise to GIST?

From what laye?

Answer 4

interstitial cell of Cajal

Muscular layer

Question 5

a EML4-ALK gene rearrangement increases risk for ___ in who ____.

Answer 5

Lung adenocarcinoma

Non-smokers

Question 6

Ras mutations are seen in…

Answer 6

90% Pancreatic adenomas & cholangiomas

50% Colon, Endometrial, Thyroid cancers

Question 7

BRAF mutations can lead to ___ and ___.

Answer 7

Hairy cell leukemia

Melanomas

Question 8

PI3K + PTEN mutations seen in ___ and ___.

Answer 8

Breast carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma

Question 9

What mutation can be associated to Polycythemia vera, Primary Myelofribrosis and Essential thrombocytosis?

Answer 9

JAK 2 (NRTK) mutation

Question 10

What is the translocation of CML?

Answer 10

t(9;22)

Question 11

What is the fusion protein produced in CML?

Answer 11

ABL:BCR (Philadelphia chromosome)

Question 12

c-MYC dysregulation can be seen in?

Answer 12

Burkitts Lymphoma

Breast carcinoma

Question 13

What is the translocation in Burkitt’s Lymphoma?

Answer 13

t(8;14)

Question 14

N-MYC amplification gives a poor outcome on which cancer?

Answer 14

Neuroblastoma

Question 15

What is the translocation in Mantle cell lymphoma?

Answer 15

t(11;14)

Question 16

Cyclin D1 mutation is a ____ mutation.

Answer 16

GOF

Question 17

Germaine mutation on ______ produces Familial Melanoma. Said mutation is ____.

Answer 17

CDKN2A (p16)

LOF

Question 18

Sporadic mutations on CDKN2A can produce…

Answer 18

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
GBM
Esophageal carcinoma

Question 19

Name 3 characteristics Familial retinoblastoma.

Answer 19

Bilateral tumors
Earlier in life
increased risk of OS later in life.
1 gremlin mutation and 1 sporadic

Question 20

Name characteristics of Sporadic retinoblastoma.

Answer 20

unilateral tumors

2 somatic mutations occur in same cell

Question 21

LiFraumeni syndrome caused by mutation on ____.

Answer 21

TP53 gene.

Question 22

Mention two examples of malignancies that don’t mets.

Answer 22

GBM

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 23

Give an example of a Benign tumor that doesn’t have a capsule.

Answer 23

Hemangioma (risk of recurrence if not resected completely)

Question 24

Give an example of a Malignant tumor with a capsule.

Answer 24

RCC

Actually a pseudocapsule.

Question 25

Name two places where tumors could arise that lead to pseudomyxoma peritoni.

Answer 25

Ovary, Appendix

Question 26

Seeding into CSF can occur in ___ and ___.

Answer 26

GBM, ALL

Question 27

A Krukenberg tumor, arises from ____ and shows bilateral deposits on ___. Characterized by ____ appearance.

Answer 27

``` Gastric carcinoma, Ovaries Signet ring (Cell filled with mucins and nucleus pushed to the side) ```

Question 28

Perineurial invasion can be seen 4 types of tumors. Name them.

Answer 28

Pancoast tumor Prostate tumor Pancreatic tumor Salivary gland malignancies

Question 29

IBD and Villous adenoma of rectum increase risk of ____.

Answer 29

Adenocarcinoma of colon

Question 30

Barret's esophagus is pre-existing lesion for___.

Answer 30

Adenocarcinoma of esophagus

Question 31

Hepatocellular carcinoma's predisposing conditions are___, ___.

Answer 31

``` Chronic hepatitis (HBV, HCV) Regenerative nodules in cirrhosis ```

Question 32

Chronic Osteomyelitis can lead to___.

Answer 32

Sinus formation and Cutaneous SCC

Question 33

Bronchial mucosa associated to ___ is a precursor lesion for ___.

Answer 33

chronic smoking | Squamous metaplasia carcinoma

Question 34

___, ___ and ___ are all precursor lesions of a type of SCC.

Answer 34

Solar keratosis Leukoplakia Schistosomiasis

Question 35

Chronic atrophic gastritis associated with ___ can lead to ___.

Answer 35

Pernicious anemia | Gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 36

``` Myelodysplastic syndrome (MPS) can MC lead to development of ___. Explain what MPS is. ```

Answer 36

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) | Immune blood cells in bone marrow don't mature or become health blood cells.

Question 37

A ____ can lead to develop ___, which is characterized by high concentration of ___ and can be confused with a pregnancy.

Answer 37

Complete hydatidiform mole Choriocarcinoma beta-hCG

Question 38

Name 4 characteristic of NF-1.

Answer 38

Benign neurofibromas Cafe-au-lait spots Lisch nodules Pheochromocytoma

Question 39

Hereditary RCC is associated to mutated ___.

Answer 39

von Hippel Lindau mutation

Question 40

Mutation in PTCH from the Hedgehog pathway leads to ___.

Answer 40

Goblin Syndrome (Nevoid Basal cell carcinoma)

Question 41

Film's tumor is exclusively a ____ malignancy, and caused by mutated___.

Answer 41

Pediatric | WT1 mutation

Question 42

Familial Gastric carcinoma is associated with mutated ___.

Answer 42

CDH1 (E-cadherin)

Question 43

SMAD4 mutations associated to ___.

Answer 43

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma.