Neoplasia

Question 1

Dysplasia

Answer 1

Reversible, abnormal growth or development of tissue, organs or cells. Closely mimic normal host cells.

Question 2

Anaplasia

Answer 2

Irreversible, reversion of cells to an immature or less differentiated form. Cells are of different types than the host cell.

Question 3

Neoplasia

Answer 3

New, uncontrolled cell growth, can lead to tumor development.

Question 4

Parenchyma

Answer 4

Referring to the transformed or anaplastic cells.

Something all tumors have

Question 5

Stroma

Answer 5

Connective tissue of a tumor, very well supplied with blood vessels. Has angiogenic properties.
Something all tumors have

Question 6

Lymphoma

Answer 6

Malignant tumor of lymphoid cells

Question 7

Glioma

Answer 7

Malignant tumor of glial cells

Question 8

Seminomas

Answer 8

Malignant tumors of the testicular seminiferous epithelium

Question 9

Blastomas

Answer 9

Malignant tumor of embryonic cells

Question 10

Retinablastomas

Answer 10

Malignant tumors of the retina

Question 11

Hepatoblastomas

Answer 11

Malignant tumor of the Liver

Question 12

Nephroblastomas

Answer 12

Malignant tumor of the kidney

Question 13

Teratoma

Answer 13

Malignant tumors of the germ cells: Endogerm, Ectogerm, Mesogerm

Question 14

Characteristics of benign tumors

Answer 14

• Slow rate of growth
• Differentiated cells
• No invasion of surrounding tissues
• Minimal/no loss of functional capacity
• No metastasis

Question 15

Characteristics of malignant tumors

Answer 15

• Rapid growth
• Undifferentiated (immature) cells
• Invasion of surrounding tissue
• Loss of functional capacity
• Metastasis to other parts of the body

Question 16

Tumor staging

Answer 16

Based on: size of tumor, and presence/extent of lymph-node involvement.

Question 17

Stage 0 tumor

Answer 17

Carcinoma in situ

Question 18

Stage 1 tumor

Answer 18

Tumor is localized, small (less than 2cm) and has not spread to lymph nodes

Question 19

Stage 2 tumor

Answer 19

Tumor has invaded the tissue, may have spread into the lymph nodes. 2-5 cm in size.

Question 20

Stage 3 tumor

Answer 20

Tumor has spread to the lymph nodes, and is locally more advanced.

Question 21

Stage 4 tumor

Answer 21

Tumor has metastasized into other organs

Question 22

Steps of Carcinogenesis

Answer 22

1. Procaracinogen —–> to Carcinogen
2. Initiation
3. Promotion
4. Conversion
5. Progression
6. Clonal Expansion
7. Selection

Question 23

Protooncogenes

Answer 23

gene product that promotes normal growth of cells

Question 24

Oncogenes

Answer 24

Mutated protooncogene that causes cancer