Neoplasia Flashcards
Dysplasia
Reversible, abnormal growth or development of tissue, organs or cells. Closely mimic normal host cells.
Anaplasia
Irreversible, reversion of cells to an immature or less differentiated form. Cells are of different types than the host cell.
Neoplasia
New, uncontrolled cell growth, can lead to tumor development.
Parenchyma
Referring to the transformed or anaplastic cells.
Something all tumors have
Stroma
Connective tissue of a tumor, very well supplied with blood vessels. Has angiogenic properties.
Something all tumors have
Lymphoma
Malignant tumor of lymphoid cells
Glioma
Malignant tumor of glial cells
Seminomas
Malignant tumors of the testicular seminiferous epithelium
Blastomas
Malignant tumor of embryonic cells
Retinablastomas
Malignant tumors of the retina
Hepatoblastomas
Malignant tumor of the Liver
Nephroblastomas
Malignant tumor of the kidney
Teratoma
Malignant tumors of the germ cells: Endogerm, Ectogerm, Mesogerm
Characteristics of benign tumors
- Slow rate of growth
- Differentiated cells
- No invasion of surrounding tissues
- Minimal/no loss of functional capacity
- No metastasis
Characteristics of malignant tumors
- Rapid growth
- Undifferentiated (immature) cells
- Invasion of surrounding tissue
- Loss of functional capacity
- Metastasis to other parts of the body
Tumor staging
Based on: size of tumor, and presence/extent of lymph-node involvement.
Stage 0 tumor
Carcinoma in situ
Stage 1 tumor
Tumor is localized, small (less than 2cm) and has not spread to lymph nodes
Stage 2 tumor
Tumor has invaded the tissue, may have spread into the lymph nodes. 2-5 cm in size.
Stage 3 tumor
Tumor has spread to the lymph nodes, and is locally more advanced.
Stage 4 tumor
Tumor has metastasized into other organs
Steps of Carcinogenesis
- Procaracinogen —–> to Carcinogen
- Initiation
- Promotion
- Conversion
- Progression
- Clonal Expansion
- Selection
Protooncogenes
gene product that promotes normal growth of cells
Oncogenes
Mutated protooncogene that causes cancer
