Neoplasia Flashcards
Define Neoplasia
Abnormal growth of cells which persists after initiating stimulus has been removed
What is a benign neoplasm?
Cells grow as a compact mass and remain at site of origin
What is a malignant neoplasm?
Growth of cells is uncontrolled, and cells can invade surrounding tissue and spread to distant sites
What is Cancer?
Α malignant tumour
What general suffix do benign connective tissue neoplasms have?
-oma
E.g. Smooth muscle - leiomyoma
What suffix do malignant connective tissue neoplasms have?
-sarcoma
E.g. Smooth muscle - leiomyosarcoma
How are benign epithelial neoplasms named?
Squamous and transitional epithelium: Papilloma
Glandular epithelium: Adenoma
How are malignant epithelial neoplasms named?
X carcinoma
E.g. Bowel- adenocarcinoma
Describe behaviour of benign neoplasms (4)
No invasion
No metastasis
Retain function
Variable growth rate, often low
Describe behaviour of malignant neoplasms (4)
Invade
Metastasise
Lose function
Variable growth rate, may be high
What are the macroscopic features of benign neoplasms? (2)
May have a capsule
Well defined edge
What are the macroscopic features of malignant neoplasms? (3)
Ill-defined margin
Haemorrhage
Necrosis
What are the microscopic features of benign neoplasms? (6)
Nuclear variation in size, chromasia and shape are minimal Low mitotic count Retention of specialisation Structural differentiation Organised Expansile cohesive growth
What are the microscopic features of malignant neoplasms? (6)
Marked variation in nuclear size, chromasia and shape High mitotic count Loss of specialisation Structural differentiation variable Disorganised Local invasion beyond normal boundaries
How does clonality of cells relate to tumours?
Tumours develop from a single cell with a mutation - i.e. Are a monoclonal population
