neoplasia Flashcards
acanthosis nigricans
visceral malignancy
actinic keratosis
SCC of the skin
AIDS
Aggressive malignant lymphomas (non-hidgkins) and Kaposi
Auto-immune disease
Lymphoma
Barrett’s esophagus
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
Chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, postsurgical gastric remnants
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cushing syndrome
Small cell lung cancer
Dermatomyositis
Lung cancer
Down syndrome
ALL and AML
Dysplastic nevus
malignant melanoma
Hypercalcemia
Squamous cell lung cancer
Immunodeficient states
Malignant lymphomas
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Small cell lung cancer
Myasthenia Gravis, pure RBC aplasia
Thymoma
Paget disease of bone
secondary osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (decreased iron)
Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
Polycythemia
Renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma
Radiation exposure
Leukemias, sarcomas, papillary thyroid cancer, breast cancer
SIADH
small cell lung cancer
Tuberous sclerosis
Giant cell astrocytoma, renal angiomyolipoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma
Ulcerative colitis
Colonic adenocarcinoma
Xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism
MElanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and especially SCC of skin
BCR-ABL (t9;22)
oncogene. tyrosine kinase. CML, ALL
bcl-2 (t14;18)
oncogene. Anti-apoptotic molecule. Follicular lymphomas
BRAF
oncogene. serine/threonine kinase. Melanoma
c-kit
oncogene. Cytokine receptor. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
HER2/neu (c-erbB2)
oncogene. Tyrosine kinase. Breast, ovarian, gastric carcinoma
c-myc (t8;14)
oncogene. Transcription factor. Burkitt lymphoma
L-myc
oncogene. transcription factor. Lung tumor
N-myc
transcription factor. Neuroblastoma
ras
oncogene. GTPase. colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer
ret
oncogene. tyrosine kinase. MEN 2A and 2B.
APC (Chr5)
tumor suppressor. Colorectal cancer (FAP).
BRCA1 (Chr 17)
tumor suppressor. Breast and ovarian cancer. DNA repair protein.
BRCA2 (Chr 13)
tumor suppressor. Breast and ovarian cancer. DNA repair protein.
CPD4/SMAD4
tumor suppressor. Pancreatic cancer.
DCC (Chr 18)
tumor suppressor. Colon cancer.
MEN1
tumor suppressor. MEN type 1
NF1 (Chr 17)
tumor suppressor. Neurofibromatosis 1. RAS GTPase activating factor
NF2 (Chr 22)`
tumor suppressor. Neurofibromatosis 2. Merlin protein
p16
tumor suppressor. MElanoma. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
p53 (Chr 17)
tumor suppressor. Most human cancers, Li-Fraumeni syndrome. transcription factor for p21, block G1 to S phase
PTEN
tumor suppressor. breast, prostate, and endometrial cancer.
Rb (Chr 13)
tumor suppressor. retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma. inhibits E2F, block G1 to S phase
TSC1
tumor suppressor. Tuberous sclerosis. Hamartin protein.
TSC2
tumor suppressor. Tuberous sclerosis. Tuberin protein
VHL (Chr 3)
tumor suppressor. von Hippel-Lindau disease. inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a
WT1/2 (Chr 11)
tumor suppressor. Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
cyclinD1 (t11;14)
oncogene. Mantel cell lymphoma
alkaline phosphatase
tumor marker. Metastasis to bone, liver, Pagets disease, seminoma (placental ALP)
alpha-fetoprotein
tumor marker. Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk-sac tumor, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor, neural tube defects.
Beta-hCG
tumor marker. Hydratidiform mole, choriocarcinomas, testicular cancers.
CA-15-3/CA-27-9
tumor marker. Breast cancer
CA-19-9
tumor marker. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
CA-125
tumor marker. Ovarian cancer
Calcitonin
tumor marker. Medullary thyroid cancer.
CEA
tumor marker. 70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers. very nonspecific
PSA
tumor marker. prostatitis, BPH, prostate adenocarcinoma
S-100
tumor marker. Neural crest origin.
TRAP
tumor marker. Hairy cell leukemia
EBV
Burkitt’s, Hodgkins, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, CNS lymphoma (immune comp)
HBV, HCV
hepatocellular carcinoma
HHV-8 (Kaposi sarcoma virus)
Kaposi sarcoma, body cavity fluid B-cell lymphoma
H. pylori
Gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma
HTLV-1
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Liver flukes (Clonorchis sinesis)
Cholangiocarcinoma
Schistosoma haematobium
Bladder cancer
Alfatoxin
hepatocellular carcinoma
Alkylating agents
leukemias/lymphomas
Aromatic amines (benzidine, 2-naphthylamine)
Transitional cell carcinoma (bladder)
Arsenic
Angiosarcoma (liver), Lung cancer, SCC (skin)
Asbestos
Bronchogenic carcinoma >mesothelioma
Carbon tetrachloride
Centrilobular necrosis, fatty changes in liver
Cigarette smoke
Transitional cell carcinoma (bladder), SCC/adenocarcinoma (esophagus), Renal cell carcinoma, SCC (larynx), SCC and small cell (lung), Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Ethanol
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Ionizing raditation
Papillary thyroid cancer
Nitrosamines (smoked foods)
Gastric cancer
Radon
Lung cancer (2nd leading cause after smoking)
Vinyl chloride
Angiosarcoma (liver)
Paraneoplastic: 1,25-(OH)2-D3 (calcitriol)
Hypercalcemia. Hodgkins and some non-Hodgkins
Paraneoplastic: ACTH
Cushing syndrome. Small cell lung cancer and some intracranial neoplasms
Paraneoplastic: ADH
SIADH. Small cell lung cancer
Paraneoplastic: anti-bodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at NMJ
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Small cell lung cancer
Paraneoplastic: Erythropoietin
Polycythemia. Renal cell carcinoma, Thymoma, hemangioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leiomyoma, pheochromocytoma.
Paraneoplastic: PTHrP
Hypercalcemia. SCC lung, renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer.
Psammoma bodies
Papillary thyroid cancer, serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary, meningioma, malignant mesothelioma.