Neoplasia

Question 1

Define neoplasia

Answer 1

Abnormal proliferation of cells persisting after initial stimulus is removed

Question 2

Define proto-oncogenes

Answer 2

Can mutate into oncogenes

Question 3

Define oncogenes

Answer 3

Genes providing characteristics for neoplasia

Question 4

Define tumour suppressor genes

Answer 4

Genes that inhibit cell proliferation

Question 5

Define dysplasia

Answer 5

Abnormal development of cells

Question 6

Define metastasis

Answer 6

Spread of neoplasm to a site that it does not share a border with

Question 7

Describe the two hit hypothesis

Answer 7

Both alleles of a tumour suppression gene need to be mutated to cause neoplasia

Question 8

Describe cancer staging

Answer 8

Stage 1: Small local disease, Stage 2: Large local disease, Stage 3: Nodal involvement, Stage 4: Metastases

Question 9

Describe Duke’s staging

Answer 9

A: Only in bowel mucosa, B: Invading the muscularis propria, C: Nodal involvement, D: Metastases

Question 10

Describe factors involved in grading

Answer 10

Pleomorphism, Number of mitoses