Neoplasia Flashcards
What is neoplasia?
New, uncontrolled growth of cells that is not under physiological control.
Example sentence: Neoplasia can lead to the formation of tumors.
What suffix is commonly used to indicate a benign tumor?
-oma
Example sentence: Lipoma is an example of a benign tumor.
What is a benign tumor of adipose tissue called?
Lipoma
Additional information: Lipomas are usually harmless and painless.
What type of benign tumor produces a glandular pattern?
Adenoma
Example sentence: Adenomas can arise in various organs, including the colon.
What does the term “carcinoma” refer to?
A malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells.
Example sentence: Lung carcinoma is a common form of cancer.
Define “sarcoma.”
A malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal (connective) tissue.
Example sentence: Sarcomas can be found in soft tissues or bones.
What is a papilloma?
A benign epithelial tumor growing exophytically (outwardly).
Example sentence: Papillomas are often seen in the skin or mucous membranes.
What characterizes an adenoma?
A benign tumor of glandular origin.
Example sentence: Thyroid adenomas can lead to hormone overproduction.
What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?
Benign tumors do not invade or metastasize, while malignant tumors do.
Example sentence: Malignant tumors can spread to distant organs.
Which characteristic is typical of benign tumors?
Slow growth and encapsulation.
Example sentence: Benign tumors often have well-defined borders.
Which feature is NOT typically associated with malignant tumors?
Encapsulation.
Example sentence: Malignant tumors tend to infiltrate surrounding tissues.
What is an example of a benign tumor?
Fibroma.
Example sentence: Fibromas can be found in the skin, breast, or uterus.
What is the most common cancer in females worldwide?
Breast cancer.
Example sentence: Breast cancer screening is important for early detection.
What environmental factor is most strongly associated with lung cancer?
Smoking.
Example sentence: Smoking cessation reduces the risk of lung cancer.
What is the role of tumor suppressor genes?
To regulate cell growth and prevent tumor formation.
Example sentence: Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can lead to cancer development.
What does “pleomorphism” refer to?
Variation in size and shape of cells.
Example sentence: Pleomorphism is a characteristic feature of malignant cells.
Which gene is known as the “guardian of the genome”?
p53.
Example sentence: p53 mutations are common in many types of cancer.
What does the “two-hit” hypothesis of oncogenesis refer to?
The requirement for two mutations to inactivate tumor suppressor genes.
Example sentence: The two-hit hypothesis explains the genetic basis of cancer.
What is the significance of detecting atypical mitotic figures in a tumor?
It indicates high cellular proliferation, often seen in malignant tumors.
Example sentence: Atypical mitotic figures are a sign of aggressive tumor growth.
What is the primary difference between hyperplasia and neoplasia?
Hyperplasia is controlled and reversible; neoplasia is uncontrolled and irreversible.
Example sentence: Hyperplasia can be a precursor to neoplasia.
Which term describes a malignant tumor originating from epithelial tissue?
Carcinoma.
Example sentence: Carcinomas can arise in the skin, lungs, or breast.
Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?
Sustained proliferative signaling.
Example sentence: Cancer cells often have dysregulated growth signals.
Which mutation is most commonly associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
KRAS mutation.
Example sentence: KRAS mutations are frequently found in pancreatic cancer.
What type of mutation can lead to oncogenesis?
Gain-of-function mutation in proto-oncogenes.
Example sentence: Proto-oncogene mutations can drive cell proliferation.
