Neoplasia

Question 1

neoplasia

Answer 1

excessive, irreversible and uncontrolled growth which persists even after withdrawal of the stimuli

Question 2

spectrum of neoplasms

Answer 2

benign, dysplasia and malignancy

Question 3

hyperplasia

Answer 3

increase in number of cells

Question 4

hypertrophy

Answer 4

increase in cell size

Question 5

atrophy

Answer 5

decrease in cell size

Question 6

metaplasia

Answer 6

change in cell shape

Question 7

prolonged cell stress causes

Answer 7

apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation and neoplasia

Question 8

necrosis

Answer 8

uncontrolled cell death

Question 9

HER2 (breast cancers)

Answer 9

works via receptor tyrosine kinase pathway

Question 10

grading

Answer 10

how closely the neoplasm corresponds with the normal cells for that tissue (more dysplastic = higher grade)

Question 11

grade indicates

Answer 11

likelihood to respond to treatment and with prognosis

Question 12

staging

Answer 12

how far the neoplasm has spread. this is done by using TNM classification

Question 13

TNM

Answer 13

tumour, node and metastasis

Question 14

local effect

Answer 14

generalised symptoms, ulceration, bleeding etc

Question 15

metastatic effect

Answer 15

depends on site of metastasis

Question 16

systematic effect

Answer 16

weight loss, appetite loss, fever, infection etc

Question 17

para-neoplastic

Answer 17

secretion of excess substances, raised calcium etc

Question 18

mental health

Answer 18

depression, anxiety, frustration etc