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FTK III- Gen Path > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

round cell tumors

A

lymphocytes–> lymphoma
plasma cells–> benign= plasmocytoma and malignant= myeloma
mast cells (graded in dogs)
histiocytes–> really benign= histiocytoma and very malignant= histiocytic sarcoma
TVT–> transvenereal tumors

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2
Q

tumor

A

swollen part, swelling, protuberance

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3
Q

cancer

A

malignant and invasive growth or tumor

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4
Q

neoplasia/neoplasm

A

formation or presence of new, abnormal growth or tissue

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5
Q

oncology

A

study of neoplasms

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6
Q

hamartoma

A

a mass of disorganzied tissue indigenous to that particular site

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7
Q

chorisome

A

a mass of normal tissue at an abnormal site
AKA a heterotopic rest of cells

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8
Q

dysplasia

A

lack of uniformity of individual cells as well as a loss in architectural orientation
can be a premalignant condition

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9
Q

preneoplastic

A

changes that may signal an increased risk or likelihood for progression to neoplasia

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10
Q

where do neoplastic cells arise from

A

a single cell that has incurred genetic change (clonal population)
persistence occurs with clonal expansion- heritable genetic alterations are passed down to neoplastic cells
unregulated proliferation occurs and become autonomous- depends on blood supply and nutrition from host

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11
Q

two basic components of all neoplasms (benign or malignant)

A

neoplastic cells (determine biologic behavior of the neoplasm)
non-neoplastic stroma (provided by host)

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12
Q

desmoplasia

A

formation of abundant collagenous stroma by the host
feel firm

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13
Q

benign

A

implies that the neoplasm is considered relatively innocuous based on its gross and microscopic appearance

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14
Q

characteristics of benign tumors

A

localized to a specific site
cannot and does not metastasize
amenable to surgical excision
can produce serious disease and may be life threatening (esp in CNS or functional endocrine neoplasms

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15
Q

suffix for benign mesenchymal neoplasms

A

-OMA
ex. fibroblast/cyte–> fibroma

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16
Q

nomenclature for benign epithelial neoplasms

A

glandular tissue –> adenoma
cystic epithelial neoplasm–> cystadenoma
growing on epithelial surface and forms finger-like projections–> papilloma
mass projecting above the epithelial structure–> polyp

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17
Q

malignant

A

implies that the neoplasm has the potential to be life threatening by invading and destroying adjacent structure or spreading to distant sites (metastasize)

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18
Q

mesenchymal neoplasms

A

add the suffix SARCOMA
ex: fibroblast/cyte= fibrosarcoma

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19
Q

epithelial neoplasms

A

carcinomas
if neoplastic cells are present in a glandular pattern–> adenocarcinoma
carcinoma in situ: pre-invasive stage where it does not invade through the basement membrane

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20
Q

mixed cell tumors

A

usually develop from one germ cell layer that undergoes divergent differentiation

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21
Q

characteristics of malignant tumors

A

often poorly differentiated; locally invasive, infiltrating surrounding tissue, can seem cohesive, mitotic figures may be present, metastasis may be present

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22
Q

differentiation

A

refers to the extent to which neoplastic cells resemble comparable cells, both morphologically and functionally

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23
Q

anaplasia

A

“to form backward”- refers to lack of differentiation of the neoplastic cells on microscopic evaluation and de-differentiation or loss of structural and functional differentiation of normal cells

lack of differentiation

characterized by pleomorphisms, abnormal nuclear morphology, and mitoses

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24
Q

pleomorphism

A

variation in shape and size of entire cell or nucleus

greater the pleomorphism, more anaplastic the cell

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25
Q

anisocytosis

A

example of pleomorphism
cells of different sizes

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26
Q

anisokaryosis

A

example of pleomorphism
nuclei of different sizes

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27
Q

abnormal cell morphology

A

karyomegaly: large nuclei
multinucleation
hyperchromasia: contain abundant chromatin an dare dark staining

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28
Q

mitotic figures

A

measure of growth

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29
Q

metastasis- lymphatic spread

A

mostly found with carcinomas

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30
Q

metastasis- hematogenous spread

A

mostly found with sarcomas
commonly seen in lungs and liver

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31
Q

metastasis- transcoelemic spread or seeding

A

occurs when cancers invade and seed a natural body cavity and re-implant at different sites within the cavity
commonly seen withcarcinomas of the ovary, GI tissue and lung

**Referred to as carcinomatosis

**implanted neoplasms may evoke a host response called desmoplasia

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32
Q

metastasis- venereal spread

A

unique and found only in transmissible venereal tumor in dogs

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33
Q

staging

A

performed by clinicians
based on where it is located

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34
Q

grading

A

done by pathologists
not done on every tumor
done on MCT and soft tissue sarcomas

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35
Q

benign neoplasm of stratified squamous epithelium

A

papilloma

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36
Q

malignant neoplasm of stratified squamous epithelium

A

squamous cell carcinoma

37
Q

benign neoplasm of glandular/ductal epithelium

A

adenoma
papilloma
cystadenoma

38
Q

malignant neoplasm of glandular/ductal epithelium

A

adenocarcinoma
cystadenocarcinoma

39
Q

benign neoplasm of apocrine glands

A

apocrine adenoma

40
Q

malignant neoplasm of apocrine glands

A

apocrine adenocarcinoma

41
Q

benign neoplasm of sebaceous glands

A

sebaceous adenoma

42
Q

malignant neoplasm of sebaceous glands

A

sebaceous carcinoma

43
Q

benign neoplasm of mammary gland

A

adenoma
mixed adenoma
complex adenoma

44
Q

malignant neoplasm of mammary gland

A

adenocarcinoma
complex carcinoma
carcinosarcoma

45
Q

benign neoplasm of respiratory epithelium

A

pulmonary/bronchial adenoma

46
Q

malignant neoplasm of respiratory epithelium

A

pulmonary/bronchial carcinoma

47
Q

benign neoplasm of liver cells

A

hepatocellular adenoma

48
Q

malignant neoplasm of liver cells

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

49
Q

benign neoplasm of bile ducts

A

bile duct/cholangiocellular adenoma

50
Q

malignant neoplasm of bile ducts

A

bile duct/cholangiocellular carcinoma

51
Q

benign neoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells

A

pancreatic adenoma

52
Q

malignant neoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells

A

pancreatic (adeno)carcinoma

53
Q

benign neoplasm of renal tubules/epithelium

A

renal adenoma

54
Q

malignant neoplasm of renal tubules/epithelium

A

renal adenocarcinoma

55
Q

benign neoplasm of urinary tract epithelium

A

transitional cell papilloma

56
Q

malignant neoplasm of urinary tract epithelium

A

transitional cell carcinoma

57
Q

benign neoplasm of fibroblasts

A

fibroma

58
Q

malignant neoplasm of fibroblasts

A

fibrosarcoma

59
Q

benign neoplasm of adipocyte

A

lipoma

60
Q

malignant neoplasm of adipocyte

A

liposarcoma

61
Q

benign neoplasm of cartilage

A

chondroma

62
Q

malignant neoplasm of cartilage

A

chondrosarcoma

63
Q

benign neoplasm of bone

A

osteoma

64
Q

malignant neoplasm of bone

A

osteosarcoma

65
Q

benign neoplasm of blood vessels

A

hemangioma

66
Q

malignant neoplasm of blood vessels

A

hemangiosarcoma

67
Q

benign neoplasm of lymph vessels

A

lymphangioma

68
Q

malignant neoplasm of lymph vessels

A

lymphangiosarcoma

69
Q

benign neoplasm of synovium

A

synovioma

70
Q

malignant neoplasm of synovium

A

synovial sarcoma

71
Q

benign neoplasm of mesothelium

A

N/A

72
Q

malignant neoplasm of mesothelium

A

mesothelioma

73
Q

benign neoplasm of meninges

A

meningioma (low grade)

74
Q

malignant neoplasm of meninges

A

meningioma (high grade)

75
Q

benign neoplasm of smooth muscle

A

leiomyoma

76
Q

malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle

A

leiomyosarcoma

77
Q

benign neoplasm of striated muscle

A

rhabdomyoma

78
Q

malignant neoplasm of striated muscle

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

79
Q

benign neoplasm of hematopoietic cells

A

N/A

80
Q

malignant neoplasm of hematopoietic cells

A

leukemia

81
Q

benign neoplasm of mast cells

A

N/A

82
Q

malignant neoplasm of mast cells

A

mast cell tumor

83
Q

benign neoplasm of lymphoid tissue

A

N/A

84
Q

malignant neoplasm of lymphoid tissue

A

lymphoma

85
Q

benign neoplasm of melanocytes

A

melanocytoma

86
Q

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

A

malignant melanoma

87
Q

benign neoplasm of pancreatic islets

A

islet cell tumor/insulinoma

88
Q

malignant neoplasm of pancreatic islets

A

malignant islet cell tumor

FTK III- Gen Path (5 decks)

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