Neoplasia 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Adenoma

A

Benign epithelial tumor of the glands

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2
Q

Papilloma

A

Benign epithelial tumor of skin; projects outwards

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3
Q

Polyp

A

Benign epithelial tumor of mucosal surface (GI tract, nasal cavity, etc.)

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4
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant epithelial tumor

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5
Q

Describe the shape of epithelial tumor cells

A

Polygonal, cuboidal, or columnar

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6
Q

Describe the arrangement of epithelial tumor cells

A

Group together: nests, cords, islands, acini/tubular/glandular structures

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7
Q

Schirrous/desmoplastic reaction

A

Firm growth caused by normal fibroblasts “turned on” by tumor

Sign of EPITHELIAL tumor

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8
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

Carcinoma that does not penetrate the basement membrane

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9
Q

Tissues derived from ectoderm

A
Skin (epidermis)
Lining (nose, mouth, and anus)
Eye
Enamel
Mammary gland
Pituitary and pineal glands
Inner ear
Nerves
Medulla of adrenal gland

Seven Little Elephants Eat Many Peanuts In Nine Minutes

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10
Q

Tissues derived from mesoderm

A
Dermis 
Notochord
Fat
Muscle
Reproductive system
Dentin (teeth)
Urinary system
Skeleton
Blood
Connective tissue

Do Not Feed Mangy Rabid Dogs Unless Surrounded By Canines

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11
Q

Tissues derived from endoderm

A
Thymus
Pancreas
Auditory tube
Liver
Prostate
G.I. tract
Respiratory (including lung)
Thyroid

Tall People and Little People Get In Relationships Together

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12
Q

Where do squamous cell carcinomas occur? Describe their gross and histological appearance.

A

Locations: Cat tongue and squamous part of horse stomach

Gross appearance:

  • Lobular
  • Angry red color on tongue (ulceration)

Histological appearance:
- Keratin pearls: dark pink “bulls-eye” w/ few nuclei

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13
Q

Cytokeratins

A
  • Intermediate filaments in epithelial cells

- Stain BROWN by immunohistochemistry

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14
Q

Three histological features of mesenchymal tumors

A
  1. Spindle-shaped cells
  2. Arranged in streams, bundles, and whorls
  3. Produce stroma/matrix (osteoid, chondroid, collagen) IF BENIGN
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15
Q

“Hemangio-“

A

Endothelium

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16
Q

“Leiomyo-“

A

Smooth muscle

17
Q

“Rhabdomyo-“

A

Skeletal muscle

18
Q

“Soft tissue sarcomas”

A

Perivascular and/or perineurial

19
Q

Compare and contrast malignant vs benign mesenchymal tumors

A
Malignant = many cells, little stroma
Benign = few cells, extensive stroma
20
Q

Vimentin

A
  • Intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells

- MAY be found in some epithelial cells; poor specificity

21
Q

Desmin, actin, and myosin are found in

A

Muscles

22
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase is found in

A

osteosarcoma

23
Q

Factor-8 and CD-31 are found in

A

endothelial cells

24
Q

Which 2 types of “-omas” are ALWAYS malignant (even without “-sarc-“)?

A

Lymphoma and melanoma

25
Q

Which type of round cell tumor does not lack stroma?

A

Transmissible venereal tumor

26
Q

How can a mast cell tumor be identified?

A

Stains:

  • Giemsa
  • Toluidine blue

Marker:
- C-kit (growth factor receptor)

27
Q

Marker for T lymphocytes

A

CD3 (part of receptor)

28
Q

Marker for B lymphocytes

A

All: CD79a (part of receptor)

Plasma cells: Mum-1 (transcription factor)

29
Q

Markers for histiocytes

A

CD18 (adhesion molecule)

Iba-1 (involved in phagocytosis)

30
Q

Markers for melano(cyt)oma

A

PNL-2 (regulates pigmentation)

Melan A

31
Q

Where are mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors commonly found?

A

Mammary glands

32
Q

Describe malanocytic neoplasms

A
  1. Spindle, polygonal, or round (rare) cells
  2. Stream, packet, or sheet architecture
  3. Epitheliotropism: enter epithelium
33
Q

Which neoplasm types tend to be soft?

A

Lymphoma, lipoma

34
Q

Which neoplasm types tend to be firm?

A

Carcinoma, sarcoma, fibroma

35
Q

Five characteristics of malignancy:

A
  1. Differentiation and anaplasia
  2. Necrosis
  3. Loss of function
  4. Invasiveness
  5. Metastasis