Neoplasia 1

Question 1

Adenoma

Answer 1

Benign epithelial tumor of the glands

Question 2

Papilloma

Answer 2

Benign epithelial tumor of skin; projects outwards

Question 3

Polyp

Answer 3

Benign epithelial tumor of mucosal surface (GI tract, nasal cavity, etc.)

Question 4

Carcinoma

Answer 4

Malignant epithelial tumor

Question 5

Describe the shape of epithelial tumor cells

Answer 5

Polygonal, cuboidal, or columnar

Question 6

Describe the arrangement of epithelial tumor cells

Answer 6

Group together: nests, cords, islands, acini/tubular/glandular structures

Question 7

Schirrous/desmoplastic reaction

Answer 7

Firm growth caused by normal fibroblasts “turned on” by tumor

Sign of EPITHELIAL tumor

Question 8

Carcinoma in situ

Answer 8

Carcinoma that does not penetrate the basement membrane

Question 9

Tissues derived from ectoderm

Answer 9

Skin (epidermis)
Lining (nose, mouth, and anus)
Eye
Enamel
Mammary gland
Pituitary and pineal glands
Inner ear
Nerves
Medulla of adrenal gland

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Question 10

Tissues derived from mesoderm

Answer 10

Dermis 
Notochord
Fat
Muscle
Reproductive system
Dentin (teeth)
Urinary system
Skeleton
Blood
Connective tissue

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Question 11

Tissues derived from endoderm

Answer 11

Thymus
Pancreas
Auditory tube
Liver
Prostate
G.I. tract
Respiratory (including lung)
Thyroid

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Question 12

Where do squamous cell carcinomas occur? Describe their gross and histological appearance.

Answer 12

Locations: Cat tongue and squamous part of horse stomach

Gross appearance:

• Lobular
• Angry red color on tongue (ulceration)

Histological appearance:
- Keratin pearls: dark pink “bulls-eye” w/ few nuclei

Question 13

Cytokeratins

Answer 13

• Intermediate filaments in epithelial cells

- Stain BROWN by immunohistochemistry

Question 14

Three histological features of mesenchymal tumors

Answer 14

1. Spindle-shaped cells
2. Arranged in streams, bundles, and whorls
3. Produce stroma/matrix (osteoid, chondroid, collagen) IF BENIGN

Question 15

“Hemangio-“

Answer 15

Endothelium

Question 16

“Leiomyo-“

Answer 16

Smooth muscle

Question 17

“Rhabdomyo-“

Answer 17

Skeletal muscle

Question 18

“Soft tissue sarcomas”

Answer 18

Perivascular and/or perineurial

Question 19

Compare and contrast malignant vs benign mesenchymal tumors

Answer 19

Malignant = many cells, little stroma
Benign = few cells, extensive stroma

Question 20

Vimentin

Answer 20

• Intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells

- MAY be found in some epithelial cells; poor specificity

Question 21

Desmin, actin, and myosin are found in

Answer 21

Muscles

Question 22

Alkaline Phosphatase is found in

Answer 22

osteosarcoma

Question 23

Factor-8 and CD-31 are found in

Answer 23

endothelial cells

Question 24

Which 2 types of “-omas” are ALWAYS malignant (even without “-sarc-“)?

Answer 24

Lymphoma and melanoma

Question 25

Which type of round cell tumor does not lack stroma?

Answer 25

Transmissible venereal tumor

Question 26

How can a mast cell tumor be identified?

Answer 26

Stains:

• Giemsa
• Toluidine blue

Marker:
- C-kit (growth factor receptor)

Question 27

Marker for T lymphocytes

Answer 27

CD3 (part of receptor)

Question 28

Marker for B lymphocytes

Answer 28

All: CD79a (part of receptor)

Plasma cells: Mum-1 (transcription factor)

Question 29

Markers for histiocytes

Answer 29

CD18 (adhesion molecule)

Iba-1 (involved in phagocytosis)

Question 30

Markers for melano(cyt)oma

Answer 30

PNL-2 (regulates pigmentation)

Melan A

Question 31

Where are mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors commonly found?

Answer 31

Mammary glands

Question 32

Describe malanocytic neoplasms

Answer 32

1. Spindle, polygonal, or round (rare) cells
2. Stream, packet, or sheet architecture
3. Epitheliotropism: enter epithelium

Question 33

Which neoplasm types tend to be soft?

Answer 33

Lymphoma, lipoma

Question 34

Which neoplasm types tend to be firm?

Answer 34

Carcinoma, sarcoma, fibroma

Question 35

Five characteristics of malignancy:

Answer 35

1. Differentiation and anaplasia
2. Necrosis
3. Loss of function
4. Invasiveness
5. Metastasis