neoplasia 1

Question 1

define tumor

Answer 1

swelling or growth.

Question 2

define neoplasm

Answer 2

abnormal mass, growth exceeds & uncoordinated w normal tissue.
persists after cessation of stimuli.
genetic alteraction passed down

Question 3

define benign

Answer 3

neoplasm that reamins localized. generally patient survives, generally surgery = treatment.
sometimes can metastasize, can also cause problem in organ its invading

Question 4

define malignant

Answer 4

invades and destroys adjacent structures.

ability to metastasize, ability to cause death. usually lobulated.

Question 5

define cancer

Answer 5

generic term for neoplasm

Question 6

ectoderm - in embryo , what structures does it produce?

Answer 6

epidermis, CNS, bone & muscle in head and neck

Question 7

endoderm - what structures in adult?

Answer 7

GI, thymus, parathymus

Question 8

mesoderm - what structures in adults?

Answer 8

bone, skeletal muscle, kidney, heart

Question 9

two factors of influence for naming tumors

Answer 9

1. tissue of origin (epithelial, mesenchymal [connective, endothelium, muscle, blood], melanocyte, mixed)
2. malignant potential (benign, malignant)

Question 10

naming benign neoplasms. suffix

Answer 10

"oma" 
Mesenchymal: 
fibrous = fibroma
cartilage  = chondroma
smooth = leiomyoma
skeletal = rhabdomyoma
bone: osteoma 
epithelial : 
adenoma - from glands
papilloma - finger-like warty projection. 
cystadenomas
melanocytic = nevi / moles
exceptions to -oma rule. melanoma, lymphoma, mesothelioma, teratoma (maturation determines malignant potential)

Question 11

exceptions to -oma (benign) rules

Answer 11

mesothelioma
melanoma
lymphoma
teratoma

Question 12

teratoma - malignant potential?

Answer 12

mature cystic teratoma
–females = composed of all 3 germ layers. benign.
males - mixed germ layer of tests = malignant
immature = malignant.

Question 13

malignant neoplasms -

Answer 13

mesodermal:
sarcoma (mesoderm, except head and neck)
lymphoma/leukemia: blood/lymph node neoplasm
carcinoma = epithelial neoplasm. (endo and ectoderm)
melanoma- melanocytic neoplasm

Question 14

naming.
mesenchymal
epithelial

Answer 14

Mes: end with sarcoma. fibrosarcoma

skeletal muscle = rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 15

fibrous tissue name benign & malignant

Answer 15

fibroma

fibrosarcoma

Question 16

cartilage name benign & malignant

Answer 16

chondroma

chondrosarcoma

Question 17

smooth muscle name benign & malignant

Answer 17

leiomyoma

leiomyosarcoma

Question 18

skeletal muscle name benign & malignant

Answer 18

rhabdomyoma

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 19

bone name benign & malignant

Answer 19

osteoma

osteosarcoma

Question 20

glands name benign & malignant

Answer 20

adenoma

adenocarcinoma

Question 21

epithelium name benign & malignant

Answer 21

papilloma

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 22

melanocytic - skin name benign & malignant

Answer 22

nevi - moles

malig: melanoma

Question 23

blood and lymphocyte name benign & malignant

Answer 23

only malignant - lymphoma

Question 24

cyst name benign & malignant

Answer 24

cystadenomas = cystic benign