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PA 3 (RESP 315 ) > Neonate Pharmacology (Mod 4) > Flashcards

Neonate Pharmacology (Mod 4) Flashcards

1
Q

EMLA Cream drug class and function

A

Topical anesthetic for local analgesia

  • For ABGs, not useful in analgesia for heal-pokes
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2
Q

Lidocaine drug class and function

A

Local anesthetic

  • Used for certain procedures (circumcision)
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3
Q

Tylenol drug class and function

A

analgesic and antipyretic

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4
Q

Morphine drug class and function

A

Used as an analgesic and in neonatal abstinence

  • can cause respiratory depression and may effect pulmonary mechanics in neonates
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5
Q

Fentanyl drug class and function

A

Opioid Analgesic

  • Can cause respiratory depression and chest wall rigidity in neonates
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6
Q

Methadone drug class and function

A

Potent opioid analgesic

  • less commonly used,
  • neonatal abstinence (NAS)
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7
Q

Ibuprofen drug class and function

A

NSAID

  • used for to close PDAs
  • pain control
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8
Q

Ketamine drug class and function

A

Dissociative anesthetic

  • Causes bronchodilation
  • Sedation (especially procedural) and analgesia
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9
Q

Dexmedetomidine drug class and function

A

Sedative with no respiratory depression

  • Hypnotic, analgesic, anxiolytic
  • Facilitates early extubation
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10
Q

Propofol drug class and function

A

Sedation (less common in neonates/children than adults

  • fast acting, but strong.
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11
Q

Lorazepam drug class and function

A

Benzodiazepine

  • sedative, hypnotic anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant
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12
Q

Midazolam (versed) drug class and function

A

Benzodiazepine

  • sedative, hypnotic anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant
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13
Q

Phenobarbital drug class and function

A

Barbiturate

  • Anticonvulsant used for seizures control
  • CNS depressant, from mild sedation to total anesthesia anxiolytic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, poly-pharmaceutical neonatal withdrawal syndrome
  • Sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, lack of evidence about analgesic effects (less important point)
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14
Q

Pancuronium drug class and function

A

Paralytic

  • stops all muscle movement
  • avoid if possible (same w/adults)
  • can cause third spacing
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15
Q

What are common NICU inotropes used for hypotension?

A
  • Dopamine
  • Dobutamine
  • Epinephrine
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16
Q

How is inhaled Nitric Oxide (iNO) administered?

A

Inserted into vent. circuit

  • RT’s manage
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17
Q

What do Pulmonary Vasodilators treat?

A

Treat increased pulmonary vascular resistance

  • for neonates it’d treat PPHN
18
Q

Why is Nitric Oxide preferred from other vasodilators?

  • How is it used?
A

selective for pulmonary system so it doesn’t vasodilator systemically

  • see if its making a difference immediately
  • see during inhalation
  • start at 20ppm and should see increasing stat and decreasing
    SpO2 requirements, approved for used in neonate use
19
Q

What is Sildenafil used for in neonates?

A

To manage Pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)

  • Causes pulmonary vasodilation
  • Improves oxygenation by reducing resistance to blood (allows better flow)
20
Q

What drug keeps the PDA open?

A

Prostaglandin E1

21
Q

What drug closes the PDA?

A

Ibuprofen and Indomethacin

  • other NSAID’s way work as well.
22
Q

What Respiratory Stimulants are used on neonates?

A

Methylxanthines

  • Caffeine
  • Aminophylline
  • Theophylline
23
Q

What is the purpose and uses of Methylxanthines

A
  • Stim the resp. center and increase metabolic rate.
  • Reduces Apnea (aids in weaning)
  • Improved brain development
  • Apnea of Prematurity
  • Reduction in chornic lung disease
  • Diuretic effect
24
Q

What are Pulmonary Vasodilators used to treat?

A

Increased pulmonary vascular resistance (used for reduction)

  • for neonates it’d treat PPHN
  • iNO
25
Q

Thiopental drug class and use?

A

Barbiturate

  • used for seizure control but is the less commonly used one.
26
Q

Primary Bronchodilator used for neonates?

A

Salbutamol (Ventolin)

27
Q

what is Salbutamol (Ventolin) used for neonates?

A

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

  • SABAs are used in this scenario as supportive therapy to enhance O2 delivery.
  • Reduces airway smooth muscles and airway resistance (relaxes airways or dilates them if they’re inflamed)
  • enhances O2 delivery (opens constricted airways)
28
Q

How are bronchodilators given for neonates?

A

Given via MDI/Mask or bagged in if on CPAP

29
Q

How are inhaled corticosteroids given for neonates?

A

Given via MDI/Mask or bagged in if on CPAP

30
Q

What is the primary inhaled corticosteroid used for neonates?

  • What does it manage?
A

Pulmicort/Flovent

  • manages bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
31
Q

What is required if neonates/kids are given respiratory meds give via MDI?

A

A spacer if MDIs are used

32
Q

How do diuretics help the respiratory system?

A

Reduces pulmonary edema and improves lung mechanics

33
Q

What drug class is controversial whether or not they are a viable therapy for BPD?

A

Steroids

34
Q

What effect would Antireflux drugs have on the respiratory system?

A

Treats GERD (acid reflux)

  • may improve symptoms of BPD
35
Q

What is a Tocolytic?

A

A drug that delays the progression of pregnancy and contractions.

  • Progesterone
36
Q

What are the usual Tocolytic agents used?

A
  1. Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4)
  2. Progesterone
  3. Nitrates
  4. Salbutamol
37
Q

What approach should pregnant ladies with asthma take to their asthma medication treatment?

A

Inhaled corticosteroid dose may have to be increased during pregnancy.

38
Q

Are babes affected by inhaled corticosteroids if mom has asthma?

A

No, Inhaled corticosteroids have low systemic absorption, meaning that only a small fraction of the medication enters the bloodstream.

39
Q

What is Pentamidine?

A

Anti-infective (fungal/protozoal) class of drug

  • used to manage Pneumocystis pneumonia, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis.
40
Q
A

PA 3 (RESP 315 ) (13 decks)

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