Neonatal seizures Flashcards
What is the most common cause of neonatal seizures?
“Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)”
Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with neonatal seizures?
“Hypoglycemia
Which metabolic disorder should be considered in neonatal seizures with elevated ammonia?
“Urea cycle disorders”
What is the gold standard investigation for neonatal seizures?
“EEG (Electroencephalography)”
What seizure type is most common in neonates?
“Subtle seizures”
Which neonatal seizure type is characterized by eye deviation, chewing, and apnea?
“Subtle seizures”
What is the first-line antiseizure medication for neonatal seizures?
“Phenobarbital”
Which genetic mutation is associated with Benign Familial Neonatal Epilepsy?
“KCNQ2
What EEG pattern is seen in Ohtahara syndrome?
“Burst suppression”
Which infection is a common cause of neonatal seizures with hemorrhagic CSF?
“Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis”
What is the most common presentation of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS)?
“Focal seizures”
What is the recommended treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia?
“IV dextrose (2 mL/kg of D10W)”
What neuroimaging is preferred for evaluating neonatal seizures?
“MRI Brain”
Which vitamin deficiency can cause refractory neonatal seizures?
“Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)”
What is the treatment for neonatal seizures due to pyridoxine dependency?
“IV Pyridoxine”
Which seizure type is most suggestive of an underlying metabolic disorder?
“Myoclonic seizures”
What neonatal condition presents with seizures and a mousy odor?
“Phenylketonuria (PKU)”
What is the prognosis of neonatal seizures due to transient metabolic causes?
“Good
What is the best initial bedside imaging for suspected intracranial hemorrhage?
“Cranial ultrasound”
What is the second-line antiseizure medication for neonatal seizures?
“Levetiracetam”
Which electrolyte abnormality presents with seizures and prolonged QT on ECG?
“Hypocalcemia”
What condition should be suspected in a neonate with seizures and hepatosplenomegaly?
“Congenital TORCH infections”
What genetic disorder causes neonatal seizures and a ‘glycine peak’ on MR spectroscopy?
“Nonketotic hyperglycinemia”
What seizure type is more common in preterm neonates?
“Multifocal clonic seizures”
What is the typical age of onset for Benign Familial Neonatal Epilepsy?
“Days 2-3 of life”
What is the first step in managing neonatal seizures?
“ABC stabilization and identify underlying cause”
What is the risk of epilepsy in children with a history of neonatal seizures?
“Increased
What condition is associated with neonatal seizures and metabolic acidosis?
“Mitochondrial disorders”
What seizure type is associated with cortical malformations?
“Focal seizures”
Which congenital heart defect is associated with hypocalcemia-induced seizures?
“DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion)”
What is the hallmark EEG finding in early myoclonic encephalopathy?
“Suppression-burst pattern”
What is the most common cause of neonatal stroke?
“Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS)”
What is the initial treatment for neonatal hypocalcemic seizures?
“IV Calcium Gluconate (100 mg/kg)”
What condition presents with neonatal seizures, hypotonia, and elevated lactate?
“Mitochondrial disorders”
What EEG feature is seen in benign neonatal sleep myoclonus?
“Normal EEG”
What is the cause of neonatal seizures if ammonia is elevated with normal glucose and anion gap?
“Urea cycle disorder”
Which neonatal seizure type is most likely to persist despite treatment?
“Tonic seizures (associated with severe brain injury)”
What condition presents with neonatal seizures, macrocephaly, and hemimegalencephaly?
“Focal cortical dysplasia”
What electrolyte disorder presents with seizures, metabolic alkalosis, and low chloride?
“Bartter syndrome”
What is the best confirmatory test for neonatal seizures due to inborn errors of metabolism?
“Metabolic panel with amino acids and organic acids analysis”
What is the main concern for neonates with electrographic-only seizures?
“High risk of neurodevelopmental impairment”
Which condition presents with neonatal seizures, poor feeding, and an ‘almond-shaped eye’ appearance?
“Prader-Willi syndrome”
What is the treatment for neonatal seizures due to pyridox(am)ine-dependent epilepsy?
“Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)”
Which neonatal seizure type has the worst prognosis?
“Tonic seizures (often due to severe brain injury)”
What neuroimaging modality best detects early hypoxic-ischemic injury?
“MRI Brain with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)”
Which genetic epilepsy presents with neonatal seizures, encephalopathy, and KCNQ2 mutation?
“KCNQ2-related neonatal epilepsy”
What is the likely cause of neonatal seizures in a term infant with polycythemia?
“Hyperviscosity syndrome”
Which amino acid disorder is associated with neonatal seizures and an odor of boiled cabbage?
“Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)”
