Neonatal seizures

Question 1

What is the most common cause of neonatal seizures?

Answer 1

“Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)”

Question 2

Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with neonatal seizures?

Answer 2

“Hypoglycemia

Question 3

Which metabolic disorder should be considered in neonatal seizures with elevated ammonia?

Answer 3

“Urea cycle disorders”

Question 4

What is the gold standard investigation for neonatal seizures?

Answer 4

“EEG (Electroencephalography)”

Question 5

What seizure type is most common in neonates?

Answer 5

“Subtle seizures”

Question 6

Which neonatal seizure type is characterized by eye deviation, chewing, and apnea?

Answer 6

“Subtle seizures”

Question 7

What is the first-line antiseizure medication for neonatal seizures?

Answer 7

“Phenobarbital”

Question 8

Which genetic mutation is associated with Benign Familial Neonatal Epilepsy?

Answer 8

“KCNQ2

Question 9

What EEG pattern is seen in Ohtahara syndrome?

Answer 9

“Burst suppression”

Question 10

Which infection is a common cause of neonatal seizures with hemorrhagic CSF?

Answer 10

“Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis”

Question 11

What is the most common presentation of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS)?

Answer 11

“Focal seizures”

Question 12

What is the recommended treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia?

Answer 12

“IV dextrose (2 mL/kg of D10W)”

Question 13

What neuroimaging is preferred for evaluating neonatal seizures?

Answer 13

“MRI Brain”

Question 14

Which vitamin deficiency can cause refractory neonatal seizures?

Answer 14

“Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)”

Question 15

What is the treatment for neonatal seizures due to pyridoxine dependency?

Answer 15

“IV Pyridoxine”

Question 16

Which seizure type is most suggestive of an underlying metabolic disorder?

Answer 16

“Myoclonic seizures”

Question 17

What neonatal condition presents with seizures and a mousy odor?

Answer 17

“Phenylketonuria (PKU)”

Question 18

What is the prognosis of neonatal seizures due to transient metabolic causes?

Answer 18

“Good

Question 19

What is the best initial bedside imaging for suspected intracranial hemorrhage?

Answer 19

“Cranial ultrasound”

Question 20

What is the second-line antiseizure medication for neonatal seizures?

Answer 20

“Levetiracetam”

Question 21

Which electrolyte abnormality presents with seizures and prolonged QT on ECG?

Answer 21

“Hypocalcemia”

Question 22

What condition should be suspected in a neonate with seizures and hepatosplenomegaly?

Answer 22

“Congenital TORCH infections”

Question 23

What genetic disorder causes neonatal seizures and a ‘glycine peak’ on MR spectroscopy?

Answer 23

“Nonketotic hyperglycinemia”

Question 24

What seizure type is more common in preterm neonates?

Answer 24

“Multifocal clonic seizures”

Question 25

What is the typical age of onset for Benign Familial Neonatal Epilepsy?

Answer 25

"Days 2-3 of life"

Question 26

What is the first step in managing neonatal seizures?

Answer 26

"ABC stabilization and identify underlying cause"

Question 27

What is the risk of epilepsy in children with a history of neonatal seizures?

Answer 27

"Increased

Question 28

What condition is associated with neonatal seizures and metabolic acidosis?

Answer 28

"Mitochondrial disorders"

Question 29

What seizure type is associated with cortical malformations?

Answer 29

"Focal seizures"

Question 30

Which congenital heart defect is associated with hypocalcemia-induced seizures?

Answer 30

"DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion)"

Question 31

What is the hallmark EEG finding in early myoclonic encephalopathy?

Answer 31

"Suppression-burst pattern"

Question 32

What is the most common cause of neonatal stroke?

Answer 32

"Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS)"

Question 33

What is the initial treatment for neonatal hypocalcemic seizures?

Answer 33

"IV Calcium Gluconate (100 mg/kg)"

Question 34

What condition presents with neonatal seizures, hypotonia, and elevated lactate?

Answer 34

"Mitochondrial disorders"

Question 35

What EEG feature is seen in benign neonatal sleep myoclonus?

Answer 35

"Normal EEG"

Question 36

What is the cause of neonatal seizures if ammonia is elevated with normal glucose and anion gap?

Answer 36

"Urea cycle disorder"

Question 37

Which neonatal seizure type is most likely to persist despite treatment?

Answer 37

"Tonic seizures (associated with severe brain injury)"

Question 38

What condition presents with neonatal seizures, macrocephaly, and hemimegalencephaly?

Answer 38

"Focal cortical dysplasia"

Question 39

What electrolyte disorder presents with seizures, metabolic alkalosis, and low chloride?

Answer 39

"Bartter syndrome"

Question 40

What is the best confirmatory test for neonatal seizures due to inborn errors of metabolism?

Answer 40

"Metabolic panel with amino acids and organic acids analysis"

Question 41

What is the main concern for neonates with electrographic-only seizures?

Answer 41

"High risk of neurodevelopmental impairment"

Question 42

Which condition presents with neonatal seizures, poor feeding, and an 'almond-shaped eye' appearance?

Answer 42

"Prader-Willi syndrome"

Question 43

What is the treatment for neonatal seizures due to pyridox(am)ine-dependent epilepsy?

Answer 43

"Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)"

Question 44

Which neonatal seizure type has the worst prognosis?

Answer 44

"Tonic seizures (often due to severe brain injury)"

Question 45

What neuroimaging modality best detects early hypoxic-ischemic injury?

Answer 45

"MRI Brain with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)"

Question 46

Which genetic epilepsy presents with neonatal seizures, encephalopathy, and KCNQ2 mutation?

Answer 46

"KCNQ2-related neonatal epilepsy"

Question 47

What is the likely cause of neonatal seizures in a term infant with polycythemia?

Answer 47

"Hyperviscosity syndrome"

Question 48

Which amino acid disorder is associated with neonatal seizures and an odor of boiled cabbage?

Answer 48

"Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)"