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317 neonatal review > Neonatal Review Questions > Flashcards

Neonatal Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

total number of immature to total WBC

A

IT ratio

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2
Q

Ductus arterioles becomes what later in life

A

ligamentum arteriosum/ ductus ligament

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3
Q

right to left shunting causes what

A

cyanosis (bypassing the lungs)

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4
Q

Left to right shunting causes what

A

pulmonary overload (seen with PDA)

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5
Q

What condition forces K into the cell?

A

Alkalosis, also insulin

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6
Q

Low serum levels of these substances are associated with seizure activity

A

glucose, Na, Ca

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7
Q

Changes by 10 in the ____ will affect the pH by 0.1

A

HCO3

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8
Q

Shunt that allows blood to move from one side of the heart to the other without a saturation differential

A

PFO

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9
Q

Hypochloremia can present as which of the following acid base imbalances

A

metabolic alkalosis (Cl and HCO3 have inverse relationship)

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10
Q

Pre-ductal saturation should be obtained where?

A

right hand

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11
Q

When should the time of the first voiding be considered delayed

A

after 24 hours

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12
Q

Which two electrolytes have an inverse relationship?

A

Cl and HCO3

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13
Q

Furosemide causes these elements to be wasted

A

K, Na, Cl, Ca

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14
Q

The total number of WBCs available to fight infection is the

A

ANC

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15
Q

This may be added to TPN if your babies pH is low

A

acetate or phosphate (they are buffers)

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16
Q

The antidote for hypermagnesemia is

A

Calcium gluconate

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17
Q

Which sign may be seen on an EKG with hyperkalemia

A

Peaked T waves

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18
Q

Term infant with perihylar streaks and fluid in the fissures

A

TTN

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19
Q

Bilirubin toxicity is most toxic later on in the

A

CNS

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20
Q

The administration of NaHCO3 is contraindicated in a baby with what acid base imbalance

A

respiratory acidosis (NaHCO3 breaks down into CO2 and H20, so don’t want to give to baby who already has a CO2 retention issue)

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21
Q

Most common cause of hyponatremia in the newborn

A

retention of water relative to Na

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22
Q

Total number of solutes in a solution

A

osmolality

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23
Q

Differential greater than 10 between pre and post ductal saturation values detects shunting where

A

ductus arteriosus

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24
Q

Movements are slower in jitteriness or seizures?

A

Seizures

25
Q

Most common cause of acute hemolytic anemia

A

ABO incompatibility

26
Q

Which blood types are the set up for an ABO incompatibility

A

Mom O and baby A or B

27
Q

Lifespan of newborn platelets

A

7-10 days

28
Q

Platelet count of <20-25 increases the newborns risk for

A

IVH

29
Q

Emergency measures for hyperkalemia include

A

insulin in dextrose (quick acting)
lasix (used as an adjunct)
ca gluconate ( protects heart)
Na bicarb (Na pushes K back into cell)

30
Q

Which image modality is best used for evaluation of IVH

A

HUS

31
Q

Seizures related to HIE generally begin within ____ hours

A

12-24

32
Q

Can a baby have both an ABO and Rh incompatibility?

A

yes

33
Q

Which grade hemorrhage extends in the adjacent brain tissue

A

grade 4

34
Q

Defined as central venous HCT>65%

A

polycythemia

35
Q

Stimulation will induce these movements

A

jitteriness

36
Q

Grade hemorrhage that extends into normal sized ventricles

A

2

37
Q

Platelet function is best measured by assessing the ____

A

bleeding time (not platelet count)

38
Q

Autonomic changes are associated with true seizure activity. true or false

A

true

39
Q

What is the normal circulating blood volume in a term infant

A

80-100 ml/kg

40
Q

Volume of air left in the alveoli after expiration

A

FRC

41
Q

Respiratory condition that usually resolves within 48-72 hours

A

TTN

42
Q

Complications of mechanical ventilation

A

pneumo, barotrauma, PIE, IVH, PVL, tracheal damage, air leaks

43
Q

Characterized by air bronchograms and a reticulogranular pattern on xray

A

RDS

44
Q

Conditions that are associated with hyperinflation on chest xray

A

PIE, MAS, retained fetal lung fluid, pneumo

45
Q

CRP can be performed on what type of specimen

A

blood

46
Q

When is meconium usually passed in a term infant

A

48 hours

47
Q

What condition promotes an inflammatory response of chemical pneumonitis

A

MAS

48
Q

Infants with MAS should be closely monitored for

A

PPHN

49
Q

The following bilirubin level would be concerning in a term newborn

A

cord bilirubin of 7 (should be less than 2)

50
Q

Maternal history is important to the neonate for the first ____ of life

A

30 days

51
Q

This cell is known for its strong phagocytic activity

A

neutrophil

52
Q

pathogenesis of PVL

A

decreased perfusion leads to cystic lesions and increased inflammatory markers in mom (chorio)

53
Q

Indications for NCPAP

A

decreased FRC, apnea/brady, transition from intubation, bronchiolitis, BPD, tracheal malasia

54
Q

The 2 major factors that affect oxygenation in mechanically ventilated newborns

A

amount of O2 delivered and MAP

55
Q

How does body compensate for respiratory acidosis

A

increase bicarb reabsorption

56
Q

Complications from NCPAP

A

nasal septum breakdown, pneumothorax, abdominal distention, nasal obstruction

57
Q

Major determinant of oxygenation

A

MAP

58
Q

Causes of respiratory acidosis

A

inadequate ventilation, sedation, RDS, maternal sedation, CDH, pneumo, PIE

59
Q

Causes of metabolic acidosis

think aerobic to anaerobic metabolism- byproduct is lactic acid which causes acidosis

A

Anything that decreases perfusion - abruption, prolapsed cord, sepsis, renal failure, too much chloride in TPN, inborn error of metabolism, PDA, cold stress, CHD

317 neonatal review (1 decks)

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