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Neonatal Jaundice Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of neonatal jaundice?

A

Physiologic jaundice and pathologic jaundice

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2
Q

True or False: Physiologic jaundice is a common and benign condition in newborns.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Physiologic jaundice typically appears within the first ____________ of life.

A

2-4 days

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4
Q

What causes physiologic jaundice in newborns?

A

Immature liver function leading to an inability to efficiently process bilirubin

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5
Q

What is the treatment for physiologic jaundice?

A

Phototherapy

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6
Q

True or False: Pathologic jaundice is usually a result of underlying medical conditions.

A

True

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: Pathologic jaundice can present within the first ____________ of life.

A

24 hours

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8
Q

What are some causes of pathologic jaundice?

A

Blood group incompatibility, infections, liver disease

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9
Q

What is the treatment for pathologic jaundice?

A

Identifying and treating the underlying cause

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10
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of jaundice is considered a normal physiological process in newborns? A) Physiologic jaundice B) Pathologic jaundice

A

A) Physiologic jaundice

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11
Q

True or False: Pathologic jaundice requires further investigation to determine the cause.

A

True

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: In pathologic jaundice, bilirubin levels may rise rapidly and lead to ____________ damage.

A

Brain

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13
Q

What is the main goal of treating neonatal jaundice?

A

Preventing bilirubin-induced brain damage

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14
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of jaundice requires immediate medical attention due to potential complications? A) Physiologic jaundice B) Pathologic jaundice

A

B) Pathologic jaundice

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15
Q

True or False: Neonatal jaundice can be a sign of a serious underlying condition.

A

True

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Physiologic jaundice typically resolves on its own within ____________ weeks.

A

1-2

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17
Q

What is the primary concern with neonatal jaundice?

A

Preventing kernicterus

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of jaundice is more likely to require medical intervention? A) Physiologic jaundice B) Pathologic jaundice

A

B) Pathologic jaundice

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19
Q

True or False: Physiologic jaundice is not typically associated with any serious complications.

A

True

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: Pathologic jaundice may require treatment with ____________ therapy.

A

Exchange transfusion

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of physiologic jaundice?

A

Increased breakdown of fetal red blood cells

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22
Q

True or False: Pathologic jaundice can be caused by conditions such as biliary atresia.

A

True

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: Early detection and management of neonatal jaundice are crucial to prevent ____________ complications.

A

Neurological

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24
Q

What is the role of bilirubin in the development of jaundice?

A

Accumulation of bilirubin in the blood leads to the yellowing of the skin and eyes

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25
Q

Causes of pathological jaundice

A
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26
Q

What is the most common cause of pathological jaundice?

A

Hepatocellular injury

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27
Q

True or False: Inherited disorders such as Gilbert syndrome can cause pathological jaundice.

28
Q

What type of jaundice is caused by obstruction of the bile ducts?

A

Obstructive jaundice

29
Q

Fill in the blank: Hemolytic disorders lead to an increase in ____________ production.

30
Q

Which of the following is not a common cause of pathological jaundice? A) Hepatocellular injury B) Hemolytic disorders C) Obstructive jaundice D) Normal liver function

A

D) Normal liver function

31
Q

What is the term for the excessive breakdown of red blood cells that can lead to pathological jaundice?

32
Q

What can cause hepatocellular injury leading to pathological jaundice? A) Alcohol abuse B) Medication toxicity C) Viral hepatitis D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

33
Q

True or False: Liver cancer can cause pathological jaundice.

34
Q

What is the term for the yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels?

35
Q

Which type of jaundice is more likely to have pale stools and dark urine? A) Hemolytic jaundice B) Hepatocellular jaundice C) Obstructive jaundice

A

C) Obstructive jaundice

36
Q

What is the primary function of the liver in relation to bilirubin metabolism?

A

Conjugation of bilirubin

37
Q

Which of the following is not a common cause of obstructive jaundice? A) Gallstones B) Pancreatic cancer C) Liver cirrhosis D) Bacterial infection

A

D) Bacterial infection

38
Q

What is the term for the yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes?

39
Q

True or False: Inadequate excretion of bilirubin can lead to pathological jaundice.

40
Q

Which of the following is not a common cause of hemolytic disorders leading to jaundice? A) Sickle cell anemia B) Thalassemia C) Hemochromatosis D) G6PD deficiency

A

C) Hemochromatosis

41
Q

What is the term for the yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes due to increased bilirubin levels?

42
Q

Which of the following is not a common cause of hepatocellular injury leading to jaundice? A) Alcohol abuse B) Hepatitis C) Medication toxicity D) Hypothyroidism

A

D) Hypothyroidism

43
Q

Fill in the blank: Conjugated bilirubin is water-__________ and is excreted in the bile.

44
Q

What is the term for the accumulation of bile pigment in the blood due to liver dysfunction?

A

Hyperbilirubinemia

45
Q

True or False: Neonatal jaundice is a common form of physiological jaundice in newborns.

46
Q

Which of the following is not a common cause of obstructive jaundice? A) Pancreatic cancer B) Hepatitis C) Gallstones D) Biliary atresia

A

B) Hepatitis

47
Q

What is the term for the breakdown of red blood cells that can lead to increased bilirubin levels?

48
Q

Fill in the blank: Hepatocellular jaundice is caused by ____________ injury to the liver cells.

49
Q

True or False: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to hepatocellular injury and jaundice.

50
Q

Which of the following is not a common cause of hemolytic disorders leading to jaundice? A) Gilbert syndrome B) G6PD deficiency C) Sickle cell anemia D) Thalassemia

A

A) Gilbert syndrome

51
Q

What is the main difference between biliary atresia and galactosemia?

A

Biliary atresia is a blockage in the bile ducts that affects infants, while galactosemia is a genetic disorder that affects the body’s ability to process galactose.

52
Q

Which condition presents with symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools?

A

Biliary atresia.

53
Q

Which condition is characterized by the inability to properly break down galactose, leading to toxic buildup in the body?

A

Galactosemia.

54
Q

Which condition requires surgical intervention, such as a Kasai procedure, to address the bile duct blockage?

A

Biliary atresia.

55
Q

Which condition can be managed by avoiding foods containing galactose, such as dairy products?

A

Galactosemia.

56
Q

What is breast milk jaundice?

A

Jaundice in newborns due to an increased level of unconjugated bilirubin in breast milk.

57
Q

True or False: Breast milk jaundice typically appears after the first week of life.

58
Q

What is the main cause of breast milk jaundice?

A

Increased levels of beta-glucuronidase in breast milk.

59
Q

Fill in the blank: Breast milk jaundice is a _______ condition that usually resolves on its own without treatment.

60
Q

What is the recommended management for breast milk jaundice?

A

Continuing breastfeeding and monitoring the baby’s bilirubin levels.

61
Q

True or False: Breast milk jaundice is harmful to the baby’s health.

62
Q

What is the role of beta-glucuronidase in breast milk jaundice?

A

It deconjugates bilirubin, making it more readily absorbed by the baby’s intestines.

63
Q

What is the typical duration of breast milk jaundice?

A

It usually peaks at around 2 weeks of age and resolves by 12 weeks of age.

64
Q

What is the main concern with breast milk jaundice?

A

The need to differentiate it from other causes of jaundice that may require treatment.

65
Q

True or False: Supplementation with formula is a recommended treatment for breast milk jaundice.

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