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NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (6) Special Populations > Neonatal Emergencies > Flashcards

Neonatal Emergencies Flashcards

Explore the Neonatal patient and the prehospital emergencies that exist

1
Q

Define:

newborn

A

An infant for the first few hours after birth.

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2
Q

Define:

neonate

A

An infant within the first 30 days of birth.

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3
Q

What are the first steps to neonatal care?

A
  1. warm
  2. dry
  3. stimulate
  4. suction
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4
Q

Which do you suction first in a neonate, the mouth or the nose?

A

Mouth first, it decreases the risk of aspiration.

Suctioning the nose first may cause the neonate to gasp and potentially inhale secretions from the mouth.

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5
Q

How does a fetus receive oxygen in utero?

A

Through the placenta.

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6
Q

What is considered preterm?

A

< 37 weeks

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7
Q

What is considered a “term” baby?

A

38 - 42 weeks

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8
Q

Fill in the blank.

If a newborn has adequate airway, breathing and circulation, he/she can be placed on the ____ _____.

A

mom’s chest

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9
Q

What should you do as soon as the newborn’s head is delivered?

A

suction mouth, then nose

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10
Q

Where should you keep the newborn to clamp the cord after the delivery?

A

Head slightly below the body and at level with mom.

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11
Q

How do you ensure thermoregulation after delivery?

A
  • Prewarmed towels
  • Radiant warmer
  • Drying body and head
  • Cover with dry towel
  • Cover the head with a cap
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12
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A
  • Appearance - skin color
  • Pulse rate
  • Grimace - irritability
  • Activity - muscle tone
  • Respiratory- effort (cry)
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13
Q

When should an APGAR score be recorded?

A

1 minute & 5 minutes after birth.

(If < 7 Q 5minutes)

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14
Q

Review the Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm.

A
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15
Q

What is target HR for neonate?

A

>100bpm

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16
Q

What size BVM mask should be used during PPV for a neonate?

A

newborn mask

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17
Q

What are common PIP and PEEP pressures used during PPV?

A

PIP 25

PEEP 5

18
Q

You have been resuscitating your newborn properly for 60 seconds.

The HR shows 80 bpm, what should you do?

A

Ensure correct ventilation.

19
Q

How can you stimulate the newborn?

A
  • Suctioning the nose (after mouth).
  • Flick the soles of feet.
  • Rub the back.
20
Q

What is the Vt (tidal volume) of a newborn?

A

3-6 ml/kg

21
Q

What rate of ventilations do you provide to a newborn?

A

40-60/min

22
Q

It has been 90 seconds with proper resuscitation, however the newborn’s HR has dropped to 58 bpm, what should you do?

A

Begin chest compressions.

23
Q

How many veins and arteries does the umbilicus have?

A

2 arteries, 1 vein

24
Q

What is the dose of epinephrine for bradycardia in a newborn?

A

1:10,000: .01 - .03 mg/kg (.1 - .3ml/kg)

Always follow the administration by a .5 - 1ml normal saline flush.

25
Q

What is the dose for a fluid bolus in a newborn?

A

10 ml/kg

Normal Saline, LR, Blood

26
Q

What is the dose of narcan for suspected drug-addicted mother and floppy newborn?

A

.1 mg/kg IV/IM

27
Q

What BGL is considered hypoglycemic in a newborn?

A

< 40 mg/dL

28
Q

Treatment:

newborn hypoglycemia

A

D10

2 ml/kg

29
Q

What is the location for needle decompression in a newborn?

A

2nd intercostal midclavicular

22G butterfly needle

30
Q

Define:

diaphragmatic hernia

A

A rupture of abdominal contents through the diaphragm into the chest.

Increases intrathoracic pressure and decreases lung functional capacity.

31
Q

Why are premature newborns at a higher risk of respiratory difficulties?

A

Due to surfactant deficiency.

32
Q

Treatment:

seizures in newborn

A
  • proper assessment
  • check BGL
  • Consult med control for medications.
33
Q

Define:

pulmonary stenosis

A

Damaged pulmonic valve.

It causes JVD, cyanosis, RVH.

34
Q

If the foramen ovale is unable to close after birth, what happens?

A

Deoxygenated blood is able to shift to the right or left and mix with oxygenated blood.

35
Q

What is a ventricular septal defect?

A

The LV forces blood back into the RV.

It causes pulmonary hypertension.

36
Q

Define:

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A

Connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta.

If it fails to close, blood bypasses the RV and lungs due to lungs being filled with fluid.

37
Q

Define:

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

A

Underdevelopment of the left side of the heart.

It causes the left side of the heart to be unable to keep up with circulation needs of the newborn.

38
Q

Define:

Tricuspid Artresia

A

Absense of the tricuspid valve.

It causes an undersized or absent RV.

39
Q

Define:

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

4 Heart Defects

  1. Ventricular Septal Defect
  2. Pulmonary Stenosis
  3. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
  4. Overriding Aorta
40
Q

Define:

transposition of the great arteries

A

The aorta and the pulmonary artery are switched.

EMT-P (6) Special Populations (5 decks)

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