Neonatal and Pediatric Pelvis

Question 1

Anomaly of the uterus in which only one horn develops

Answer 1

unicornuate uterus

Question 2

Duplication of the uterus and uterine horn or branches

Answer 2

bicornuate uterus

Question 3

Condition in which both ovarian and testicular tissues are present

Answer 3

hermaphoroditism

Question 4

Cell produced at an early stage in the formation of an ovum

Answer 4

oogonium

Question 5

Bilateral absence of testes

Answer 5

anorchidism

Question 6

Complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina

Answer 6

uterus didelphys

Question 7

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum; testicles remain within the abdomen or groin

Answer 7

cryptorchidism

Question 8

Either of the paired ducts that form adjacent to the mesonephric ducts in the embryo

Answer 8

paramesonephric ducts

Question 9

Absence of one testis (usually is left sided)

Answer 9

monochordism

Question 10

Blood-filled vagina and uterus

Answer 10

hematometrocolpos

Question 11

Sonographic finding when the phallus elongates to form the penis

Answer 11

“turtle” sign

Question 12

Early or primitive ovum before it has developed completely

Answer 12

oocyte

Question 13

Concerning or characteristic of the same sex

Answer 13

isosexual

Question 14

Fluid-filled vagina

Answer 14

hydrocolpos

Question 15

Fluid-filled vagina and uterus

Answer 15

hydrometrocolpos

Question 16

The first parts of the genital system to develop are the

Answer 16

gonads

Question 17

At about 16 wks of gestation, the cortical cords break up into isolated cell clusters called primordial follicles, each of which contains a ___________ derived from the primordial germ cell.

Answer 17

oogonium

Question 18

Before birth all oogonia enlarge to form primary __________, and most of them have entered the first meiotic prophase, but this process remains in an arrested state until puberty.

Answer 18

oocytes

Question 19

All embryos have identical pairs of __________ ducts that develop into the female reproductive system.

Answer 19

genital

Question 20

Even though the genetic sex of an embryo is determined at fertilization by the kind of sperm that fertilizes the ovum, there are no morphologic indications of maleness of femaleness until the ______ gestational week.

Answer 20

9th

Question 21

External organs are fully developed by the _____ wk.

Answer 21

12th

Question 22

The sonographic evaluation of the neonatal and pediatric pelvic cavity requires a distended ____

Answer 22

urinary bladder

Question 23

In the newborn female, the uterus is prominent and thickened with a brightly ____________ endometrial lining caused by the hormonal stimulation received in utero.

Answer 23

echogenic

Question 24

The uterus is pear shaped in configuration with a length of approximately 3.5 cm and a funds__________ than the cervix.

Answer 24

smaller

Question 25

The maternal hormones stimulate the initial size of the uterine cavity after birth; as these hormones _________, so does the uterine size.

Answer 25

decrease

Question 26

The uterus increases in size after the age of 7, with the greatest increase in size occurring after the onset of puberty, when the funds becomes much ______ than the cervix.

Answer 26

larger

Question 27

It is not until ______ that the uterine shape and size dramatically changes. The uterine length increases to 5 to 7 cm and the funds-to-cervix ratio becomes 3:1.

Answer 27

puberty

Question 28

The uterus is supplied by the bilateral _______ arteries, which are branches of the internal iliac arteries.

Answer 28

uterine

Question 29

Color flow Doppler may demonstrate flow in the ____________ tissue with little or no flow in the endometrium.

Answer 29

myometrial

Question 30

The appearance of the ovary in the neonatal period is ____________ secondary to tiny cysts.

Answer 30

heterogeneous

Question 31

The blood supply to the ovary is from the _______ artery (originates directly from the aorta) and from the uterine artery, which supplies an adnexal branch to each ovary.

Answer 31

ovarian

Question 32

If mullerian anomalies are encountered, the __________ should be examined for ipsilateral renal agenesis or morphologic abnormalities.

Answer 32

kidneys

Question 33

Vaginal __________ is diagnosed by the development of hydrocolpos, hydrometrocolpos, or hematometrocolpos.

Answer 33

atresia

Question 34

Sonography demonstrates a uterus that is long and slender ("______________" shaped) and deviated to one side.

Answer 34

cigar

Question 35

A complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina is __________

Answer 35

uterus didelphys

Question 36

A duplication of the uterus with a common cervix is _________

Answer 36

bicornuate uterus

Question 37

A uterus that is normal in size and shape externally but whose cavity is T shaped with an irregular contour is associated with ____________ exposure

Answer 37

diethylstilbestrol

Question 38

In ______________ the embryo has the potential to develop as a male or female.

Answer 38

hermaphrodites

Question 39

True precocious puberty is always _____________ and involves the development of secondary sexual characteristics and an increase in the size and activity of the gonads.

Answer 39

isosexual

Question 40

Precocious pseudopuberty involves the maturation of secondary sexual characteristics but not the __________ because there is no activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Answer 40

gonad

Question 41

Excessive exogenous synthesis of gonadal _______ (by the adrenal gland, tumors or cysts) is the most common cause of precocious pseudo puberty: prolonged exposure to exogenous gonadal hormones may mature that central nervous system and cause true precocious puberty in some children.

Answer 41

steroids

Question 42

Ovarian cysts develop from ovarian _______

Answer 42

follicles

Question 43

________ is secreted by the pituitary gland and causes an increase in both the number and the size of the small follicles.

Answer 43

FSH

Question 44

The most common primary complications of ovarian cysts are _______ and ___________

Answer 44

hemorrhage, salpingotorsion

Question 45

Torsion of the ovary may occur at any age, from neonate to adult: however, most torsion problems occur within the first _________ decades of life.

Answer 45

two

Question 46

Torsion of the ovary and fallopian tube results from partial or complete rotation of the ovary on its ___________________

Answer 46

vascular pedicle

Question 47

Ovarian torsion results in a compromise of arterial and venous flow, congestion of the ovarian parenchyma, and ultimately, ______________

Answer 47

hemorrhagic infarction

Question 48

The most common pediatric germ cell tumor is the benign mature ___________, or dermoid cyst

Answer 48

teratoma

Question 49

Mural nodules and echogenic foci with acoustic shadowing are typical sonographic findings for ____________

Answer 49

ovarian teratomas

Question 50

Describe the normal sonographic appearance of the neonatal testes

Answer 50

normal scrotal sac contains two testes that appear homogeneous with low to medium level echogenicity

Question 51

At what age is the echogenic mediastinum testes and epididymis seen?

Answer 51

after puberty

Question 52

Between gestational weeks __________ and ______, each testis descends via the inguinal canal into the scrotal sac. If this does not occur, the condition is called ___________ testes.

Answer 52

25 and 32; undescended

Question 53

3 most common causes of acute pain and swelling in the pediatric male patient

Answer 53

testicular torsion, epididymitis, testicular trauma

Question 54

The two most common causes of the acute scrotum in the male neonate, infant, and adolescent patient are ___________ and _______________

Answer 54

testicular torsion, epididymitis

Question 55

Name the two testicular tumors found in children under the age of 3 with cryptorchid testis

Answer 55

seminomas (malignant), gonadoblastomas (benign) | in children younger than 3 the incidence of malignancy in a cryptorchid testis is increased