Neonatal and Pediatric Flashcards
Clinical symptoms of respiratory failure are ominous for what?
Respiratory arrest
Hypoxemic blood circulated systemically and oxygenated blood circulated through the pulmonary vasculature is characteristic of which obstructive defect?
Complete transposition of the great vessels (TGV)
List clinical symptoms of respiratory failure.
Changing mental status, muscle flaccidity, tachycardia changing to bradycardia, irregular respiratory pattern, loss of vesicular breaths sounds, pallor becoming cyanosis
What medications are used to treat sepsis in neonates?
Antibiotics and vasopressors
Rapid onset of fever, sore throat, unwillingness to eat or drink, and drooling are clinical manifestations associated with what upper airway disease?
Epiglottitis
While rendering care to a pediatric trauma patient, the trauma team does not feel the mechanism of injury was accidental. Who should be notified?
Law enforcement and other agencies deemed appropriate
What intravenous fluids are used to correct nondistributive shock?
Isotonic crystalloids and blood products
What medications are used in the treatment of distributive shock and why?
Sympathomimetics with strong alpha properties to induce vasoconstriction
If left untreated, what can necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) lead to?
Perforation of the bowel leading to peritonitis and subsequent sepsis
What is a common skin finding in the hands and feet of a neonate when they cry?
Cyanosis which is insignificant when the neonate is crying
What is the narrowest portion of the pediatric airway?
Glottic opening
List findings in compensated respiratory distress.
Tachypnea, accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, grunting, adventitious breath sounds, abdominal wall movement, tachycardia, diaphoresis, pulse oximtry and end-tidal capnography changes
Which vessel is cannulated when establishing vascular access via the umbilical cord?
Umblilical vein
Barking cough is the hallmark sign of what pulmonary infection?
Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
What is deficient in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
Surfactant
A physician orders an epinephrine infusion at 5 mcg/mg/min. Should you question this order?
Yes. The proper dose is 0.1-1 mcg/kg/min
What are two common causes of nondistributive shock in pediatrics?
Diarrhea, vomiting
Bounding pulses in upper extremities and thready pulses in lower extremities are clinical findings of which heart anomaly?
Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
An untreated tension pneumothorax can lead to what type of shock?
Obstructive shock
What is the most common viral pulmonary infection in children with recent upper respiratory infections?
Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
Why is orotracheal intubation avoided in cases of epiglottitis?
Stimulation from the intubation attempt usually causes worsening of the already edematous glottis
Methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone are what type of medications utilized in the treatment of asthma?
Corticosteroids
What is treatment aimed at in the asthmatic patient?
Reversal of bronchospasm, correction of hypoxia, improvement in airway inflammation, and reduction of mucus production
What is the predominant causative agent in bronchiolitis?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
What is the leading cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in the pediatric patient?
Respiratory distress
Why are neonates not treated with D25 or D50?
Dextrose of these concentrations cause a severe increase in plasma osmolarity thus causing hypernatremia with cerebral and systemic cellular edema
What three items are assessed in the pediatric assessment triangle?
Appearance, breathing, and circulation
After several attempts to correct a child’s blood pressure with IV fluids, it is determined a dopamine infusion is to be initiated. What is the correct dose?
2-10 mcg/kg/min
What is the clinical presentation of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?
Increased work of breathing with tachypnea, tachycardia, nailbed clubbing, and fatigue during feeding
Inotropic medications are utilized in which hypoperfusion syndrome?
Cardiogenic shock
What three vessels compose the umbilical cord?
Two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein
