Neonatal

Question 1

What are the guidelines for resuscitation of a neonate?

Answer 1

1. Dry the baby
2. Assess tone, breathing and heart rate
   If gasping/not breathing…
3. Open the airway and give 5 breaths
   Reasses…If the heart rate is not detectable….
4. Start chest compression with three compressions each breath.

Question 2

A 1-week-old infant is referred following episodes of vomiting, feeding intolerance , and abdominal distension. Examination reveals watery stools with specks of blood present within the nappy. An abdominal X-ray is requested which reveals gas cysts in the bowel wall. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 2

Nectrotising enterocilitis

Question 3

What do you see on an X Ray of necrotising enterocolitis?

Answer 3

Dilated bowel loop, bowel wall oedema and intramural gas.

Question 4

What are the causes of jaundice in the first 24 hours?

Answer 4

Rhesus haemolytic disease
ABO haemolytic disease
Hereditary sperocytosis
Glucose 6 phosphodehydrogenase

Question 5

If there is still jaundice in a baby after 14 days what tests should you order?

Answer 5

Conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin 
Direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test) 
Thyroid function tests 
FBC and blood film 
Urinalysis for culture and sugar 
U & E
LFT

Question 6

What are the causes of prolonged jaundice in the newborn?

Answer 6

Biliary atresia 
Hypothyroidism 
Galactosaemia 
UTI 
Breast milk jaundice 
Congenital infection such as CMV and toxoplasmosis

Question 7

When are APGAR scores performed?

Answer 7

1, 5 and 10 minutes

Question 8

What does the APGAR score consist of?

Answer 8

Appearance (colour) 
Pulse (heart rate)
Grimace (reflex) irratibility)
Activity (muscle tone) 
Respiratory effore