Neonatal

Question 1

Blood flow to the right and left sides of the heart occur in

Answer 1

Parallel

Question 2

Two main points of shunting

Answer 2

Foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

Question 3

Foramen ovale

Answer 3

Allows for right to left blood from atria to bypass lungs. Oxygenated blood enters ascending aorta then goes to brain and upper body

Question 4

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 4

Allows lungs to be bypassed and oxygenated blood flows to descending aorta and then to the lower body

Question 5

Fetal blood flow to the lungs is

Answer 5

Minimal 10-12%

Question 6

Why is fetal blood flow to the lungs minimal

Answer 6

Due to high pulmonary vascular resistance

Question 7

Blood flow to the lungs is to provide nourishment as opposed to

Answer 7

Oxygen

Question 8

Seperation from placenta and ventilation to the lungs results in

Answer 8

Closure of shunts known as transitional circulation

Question 9

What occurs during transitional circulation

Answer 9

Pulmonary pressure starts to drop and systemic pressure is more. Blood goes to lungs

Question 10

Closure of foramen ovale

Answer 10

Can occur in 2-3 months but can take up to 6 months or more

Question 11

Closure of ductus arteriosus

Answer 11

Occurs with 72 hours

Question 12

High larynx increases

Answer 12

Work of breathing

Question 13

Low compliance of newborn lungs increases

Answer 13

Work of breathing and created increased effort for ventilation which results in increased respiration rate

Question 14

Inefficient gas exchange

Answer 14

Is due to immature alveolar structure and function and decreased number of alveoli

Question 15

Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 15

Biggest predictor of prolonged patency

Question 16

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 16

Most common heart defect during neonatal period

Question 17

Tetralogy of fallot

Answer 17

Ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow obstruction, right ventricular hypertrophy, aortic overide

Question 18

Classical clinical presentation of tetralogy of fallot

Answer 18

Cyanosis with crying

Question 19

Atrioventricular defects

Answer 19

Large spectrum of defects that affects the atrial, ventricular septum and valves

Question 20

Head down position in neonates and infants is

Answer 20

Avoided and often contraindicated

High incidence of GERD

Question 21

Respiratory Distress syndrome

Answer 21

Results from lung immaturity and inadequate amount of surfactant results in alveolar collapse

Question 22

RDS is most common

Answer 22

Respiratory disorder in preterm infants

Question 23

Maximum Aspiration Syndrome

Answer 23

Content of the fetal bowels can be aspirated in first breaths

Question 24

Exercise considerations with cystic fibrosis

Answer 24

Bronchial drainage may not be necessary if a regular exercise routine is followed