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Labor & Delivery > Neonatal 101 > Flashcards

Neonatal 101 Flashcards

1
Q

Abruptio Placenta (Placental Abruption)

A

The placenta has started to separate from the uterine wall before the baby is born.

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2
Q

Amniotic Fluid

A

This protective liquid, consisting mostly of fetal urine and water, fills the sac surrounding the fetus.

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3
Q

APGAR

A

A measurement of the newborn’s response to birth and life outside the womb. The ratings, APGAR, are based on:
Appearance (color),
Pulse (heartbeat),
Grimace (reflex),
Activity (muscle tone),
Respiration (breathing).
The scores, which are taken at 1 and 5 minutes following birth, ranging from 1 to 10.

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4
Q

Breech Presentation:

A

When the fetus is positioned head up to be born buttocks first or with one or both feet first

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5
Q

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD)

A

The baby is too large to safely pass through the mother’s pelvis.

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6
Q

Cervidil

A

A medication used to ripen the cervix before induction.

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7
Q

Cesarean

A

An incision through the abdominal and uterine walls for delivery of the baby; it may be vertical or more commonly horizontal. Also called abdominal delivery; commonly called C-Section.

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8
Q

Colostrum

A

This is a thin, white fluid discharge from the breasts in the early stage of milk production; this is usually noticeable during the last couple weeks of pregnancy.

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9
Q

Complete Breech

A

The baby’s buttocks are presenting at the cervix, but the legs are folded “Indian style,” making vaginal delivery difficult or impossible.

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10
Q

Contraction

A

The regular tightening of the uterus, working to push the baby down the birth canal.

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11
Q

Crowned/Crowning

A

When the baby’s head has passed through the birth canal and the top or “crown” stays visible at the vaginal opening.

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12
Q

Dilation

A

The extent to which the cervix has opened in preparation for childbirth. It is measured in centimeters, with full dilation being 10 centimeters.

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13
Q

Effacement

A

This refers to the thinning of the cervix in preparation for birth and is expressed in percentages. You will be 100% effaced when you begin pushing.

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14
Q

Engaged

A

The baby’s presenting part (usually the head) has settled into the pelvic cavity, which usually happens during the last month of pregnancy

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15
Q

Epidural

A

A common method of anesthesia used during labor. It is inserted through a catheter which is threaded through a needle, into the epidural space near the spinal cord.

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16
Q

Episiotomy

A

An incision made to the perineum to widen the vaginal opening for delivery

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17
Q

Fetal Distress

A

Condition, when the baby is not receiving enough oxygen or, is experiencing some other complication.

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18
Q

Fontanelle

A

Soft spots between the unfused sections of the baby’s skull. These allow the baby’s head to compress slightly during passage through the birth canal.

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19
Q

Forceps

A

Tong-shaped instrument that may be used to help guide the baby’s head out of the birth canal during delivery.

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20
Q

Frank Breech

A

The baby’s buttocks are presenting at the cervix, and the baby’s legs are extended straight up to the baby’s head.

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21
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to control excretions. Urinary incontinence can occur as the baby places heavy pressure on the bladder.

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22
Q

Induced Labor

A

Labor is started or accelerated through intervention, such as placing prostaglandin gel on the cervix, using an IV drip of the hormone oxytocin (Pitocin), or by rupturing the membranes.

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23
Q

Jaundice

A

Condition in newborn babies reflected in yellowing of the skin. This is caused by the immature liver’s inability to process excess red blood cells.

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24
Q

Labor

A

Regular contractions of the uterus that result in dilation and effacement of the cervix.

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25
Q

Lightening

A

When the baby drops in preparation for delivery (engagement).

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26
Q

Meconium

A

This is a greenish substance that builds up in the baby’s bowels and is generally excreted shortly after delivery.

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27
Q

Neonatologist

A

A specialist who cares for newborns.

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28
Q

NICU Acronym standing for

A

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

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29
Q

Nubain

A

Synthetic narcotic pain reliever commonly used in labor and delivery.

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30
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates contractions and the milk-eject reflex. Pitocin is the synthetic form of this hormone.

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31
Q

Perineum

A

The muscle and tissue between the vagina and the rectum.

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32
Q

Phenergan

A

A sedative administered that also controls nausea and vomiting.

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33
Q

Placenta

A

The tissue that connects the mother and fetus to transport nourishment and take away waste.

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34
Q

Placenta Previa

A

When the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix.

35
Q

Posterior

A

The baby is in a face-up position during delivery. Normal presentation is anterior (face-down).

36
Q

Postpartum

A

The period after childbirth.

37
Q

Post-Term

A

Pregnancy lasting more than 42 weeks.

38
Q

Preterm

A

Babies born earlier than 37 weeks.

39
Q

Prostaglandin Cream

A

Medication used to ripen the cervix before induction.

40
Q

Ruptured Membranes

A

Usually refers to the breaking of the fluid-filled sac surrounding the baby. The fluid may come as a gush of water or as a slow leak. Slow leaks are sometimes mistaken as incontinence.

41
Q

Speculum

A

An instrument used to open the vagina slightly wider so the cervix can be seen more easily.

42
Q

Timing Contractions

A

Contractions are measured from the beginning of one contraction until the beginning of the next contraction.

43
Q

Transverse

A

Baby’s body length is horizontal in the uterus. If the baby cannot be moved, it will have to be delivered by cesarean.

44
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

The cord that transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the baby from the placenta.

45
Q

Vacuum Extractor

A

Instrument that attaches to the baby’s head and helps guide it out of the birth canal during delivery.

46
Q

amniotic sac

A

the sac around the baby inside the uterus

47
Q

anaesthetic

A

a drug that gives total or partial loss of sensation of a part or the whole of the body

48
Q

antenatal

A

a term that means ‘before birth’ (alternative terms are ‘prenatal’ and ‘antepartum’)

49
Q

antepartum haemorrhage

A

bleeding from the vagina during pregnancy

50
Q

gestation

A

the length of time (in days or weeks) that a baby is in the uterus

51
Q

haemorrhage

A

excessive bleeding

52
Q

in utero

A

a term that means ‘inside the uterus’

53
Q

low birthweight

A

when a baby weighs less than 2,500 grams at birth

54
Q

meconium

A

a tar-like substance passed by a baby as their first poo. Passing meconium before birth may be a sign of fetal distress

55
Q

neonatal period

A

the time from a baby’s birth to four weeks of age

56
Q

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

A

a unit in the hospital for babies who need a high level of special medical care

57
Q

neonate

A

a newborn baby, up to four weeks of age

58
Q

newborn

A

a baby between birth and four weeks old

59
Q

ovum

A

a human egg

60
Q

perineal haematoma

A

a collection of blood, resembling a bruise, in the area between the vagina and the anus

61
Q

perineum

A

the area between the vagina and anus

62
Q

postnatal

A

a term meaning ‘after birth’ (alternative terms are ‘post-birth’ and ‘postpartum’)

63
Q

postpartum haemorrhage

A

when a woman loses more than 500 ml of blood after birth

64
Q

premature

A

when a baby is born before 37 weeks gestation

65
Q

prenatal

A

a term meaning ‘before birth’ (alternative terms are ‘antenatal’ and ‘antepartum’)

66
Q

second-degree tear

A

a tear of the perineum involving both skin and muscles, but not the anus. Second-degree tears often require stitches

67
Q

second-stage labour

A

the time from the complete dilation of the cervix (10 cm) to the birth

68
Q

second trimester

A

the time from 14 weeks to 26 weeks of pregnancy

69
Q

special care nursery (SCN)

A

a unit in a hospital for babies who need special medical care

70
Q

spina bifida

A

a birth defect that occurs during the first month of pregnancy when a baby’s backbone does not fully close, leaving part of the spinal cord exposed. Spina bifida cannot be cured, but a range of treatments and management options is available

71
Q

spontaneous labour

A

when labour starts by itself (without medical help)

72
Q

stillbirth

A

the death of a baby after 20 weeks’ gestation but before birth

73
Q

third- or fourth-degree tear

A

a severe tear of the perineum involving the skin, muscles and anus. Stitches are used to repair these tears

74
Q

third-stage labour

A

the time from the birth of the baby to the birth of the placenta

75
Q

third trimester

A

the time from 26 weeks of pregnancy onwards

76
Q

trimester

A

a time span of three months during pregnancy, each marked by different phases of fetal development

77
Q

ultrasound

A

a scan of a woman’s uterus (womb) and baby during pregnancy umbilical cord – the cord that connects the baby to the placenta, allowing nutrients (vitamins and minerals) and oxygen to be carried from the woman to her baby

78
Q

vacuum cap or ventouse

A

a suction cap that is sometimes used during birth to help to pull the baby out of the birth canal

79
Q

VBAC (vaginal birth after caesarean)

A

when a woman has a vaginal birth after having had one or more previous caesarean sections

80
Q

viable pregnancy

A

a pregnancy that is likely to continue to full term

81
Q

walking epidural

A

an epidural that may still enable the woman to walk

82
Q

waters

A

the amniotic fluid that surrounds an unborn baby inside the uterus (see ‘amniotic fluid’)

83
Q

What is BART?

A

Basic resuscitation training

84
Q

BLS stands for

A

Basic Life Support. It is simply another term for CPR

Labor & Delivery (2 decks)

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