Neolithic/Ancient Near East Flashcards
Neolithic Culture
(8,000-3,000 BCE)
- economy based on agriculture and domestication of animals
- proliferation of art
Stonehenge
(3,000 BCE/Neolithic) Salisbury plain, Wiltshire, England
-possibly and astronomical observatory and solar calendar
Ancient Near-East
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-remains of the oldest known settled communities between Turkey, Iran,Iraq, Syria, and Egypt
Çatal Höyük
(6,000-59,000 BCE/Neolithic) Anolia/Turkey
- one of the first urban sites
- its regularity suggests a predetermined plan
- a plan including defense, where entrances to buildings are only on rooftops
- interior encludes ancient mural painting
Summerian Culture
(4,000-2340 BCE/Neolithic)
- The Sumerians founded the world’s first city-states in the valley between theTigris and Euphrates rivers and invented writing in the fourth millennium BCE.
- They were also the first to build towering temple platforms, called ziggurats, and to place figures in registers to tell coherent stories.
Innana/Warka Head
(3,500-3,000BCE/Neolithic) Sumerian
- (It may) represent the goddess Inanna and originally had inlaid colored shell or stone eyes and brows, and a wig, probably of gold leaf.
- Innana is the Sumerian godess of love and war
- most important femaile diety in mesopotania also known as ishtar
- mable (imported at great cost)
Statuettes of Two Worshippers
(2,700BCE)Sumerian
- evidence of Sumerian beliefs and ritual, offering perpetual worship
- wide eyes belived to represent wakefulness of these substitute worshippers offering tributes to a diety
Bull-Headed Lyre
(2,600 BCE)Sumerian, iraq
- lyre from roay grave at Ur had bulls head of gold leaf and lapis lasuli and inlaid figures of a hero and animals acting out scenes of uncertain significance
- from tomb 789
Standard of Ur
(2600BCE/Sumerian) Ancient Near East
-wood inlay box, possibly depicting a victury banquet
Bronze Head of Sargon
(2250-220BCE/Akkadian) Ancient Near East
- first known cast metal portrait head,
- embodies absolute power
Victory Steele of Naram-Sin
(2,300-200BCE/Akkadian) Ancient Near East
-commemerates ruler’s god-like status and military victory at Lullubi
Seated Statue of Gueda with architectual plans
(2,100BCE/Babylonean)
-one of multiple Gueds Portraits rejecting regal trappings for traditional pious Sumerianvotive offering posture.
Code of Hammurabi
(1780BCE/Babylonean)
-tablet and steele recording code of King hammurabi, one of first doccumented codes of law
Citadel of Sargon II
(720-705BCE/Babylonean) Iraq
-Absolute Power articulated in military citadel enclosing massive ziggurat (massive structures resembling terraced step pyramid)
Ishtar Gate
(575BCE/Persian Empire) Babylon iraq
- babylon under king Nebuchandezzar II was one of the greates cities of the aincient world.
- glazed bricks depict Marduk and Nabu’s Dragon and Adad’s Bull
Persepolis
(559-300BCE/Persian Empire) Iran
-heavily fortified complex of persian royal buildings on a large plateau
-The most important source of knowledge about
Persian art and architecture is the ceremonial and administrative complex is on the citadel
