Neofunctionalisme

Question 1

two principles neofunctionalism

Answer 1

1. self-sustainability: once integration is put in motion it will lead to more.
2. unidirectionality: there is one way and that is forward.

Question 2

3 hypothesis neofunctionalism

Answer 2

1. spillover
2. elite socialisation
3. interest group

Question 3

definition spillover hypothesis

Answer 3

you do something with a goal in mind, only to find out that you need to do more or go further to achieve this goal.

Question 4

3 forms of spillover

Answer 4

1. functional: caused by practical need for cooperation, industrial will lead to the need of climate policy.
2. political: societal actors demanding cooperation
3. cultivated spillover: supranational actors demanding cooperation such as European Commission.

Question 5

elite socialisation hypothesis

Answer 5

national elites have to work together and commit to working together on the EU level, causing their loyalties to shift from the national level to the European level. Cooperation becomes the standard instead of exception. Cultivated spillover

Question 6

interest group hypothesis

Answer 6

supranational institutions gain more authority, interest groups will reorganise at the European level and demand more integration. They will develop supranational interest due to the supranational reorganisation and will cooperate with these supranational institutions for more integration. Transformative. Political spillover

Question 7

assumptions needed for neofunctinalists

Answer 7

1. permissive consensus
2. benign elitism
3. integration is positive sum
4. incrementalism combined with bounded rationality leads to crisis.

Question 8

permissive consensus

Answer 8

citizens will quietly support integration by the elites because it will bring them benefits

Question 9

integration positive sum

Answer 9

integration benefits everyone there are no winners and losers

Question 10

incrementalism + bounded rationality = crisis

Answer 10

incrementalism: small policy changes bases on compromise
bounded rationality: politicians are not perfect
leads to unintended consequences

Question 11

empirical critiques

Answer 11

1. empty chair crisis makes for no automaticity
2. public didn’t follow the elites and thus did not keep up with permissive consensus which led to constrained consensus

Question 12

theoretical critiques

Answer 12

1. underestimates importance of individual leaders
2. disregards conflict between or attitudes of national governments and the fact that they may have different opinions on integration
3. cannot explain beginning, ending or reversal of integration