Neoclassical, Restoration, Romantic

Question 1

Heroic tragedy was inspired from?

Answer 1

French writers Corneille and Racine

Question 2

Sir William Davenant

Answer 2

Sir William Davenant (1606-68)
• Siege of Rhodes (1656) in Pre-restoration period
• Introduced Heroic Couplet to English Stage.
• Patent from Charles to create Company of Platers.
• Adapted Shakespeare
• Gondibert (1651) is an epic poem by William Davenant. In it he attempts to combine the five-act structure of English Renaissance drama with the Homeric and Virgilian epic literary tradition.
• The Unfortunate Lovers, tragedy (1643)

Question 3

Roger Boyle, Earl of Orrery (1621-79)

Answer 3

• Historical Plays- Henry V (1664), and The Black Prince (1667) Edward, the Black Prince and his defeat and capture of King John II of France at the Battle of Poitiers English rhymes in French Style.
• The General (1664), Mustapha (1665) Sultan Solyman and his sons, progression without foreign help.

Question 4

All for Love Summary

Answer 4

All for Love (1678) is a play written in Blank Verse, based on Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra.

Plot: Mark Antony is defeated in Actium, avoids meeting his mistress Cleopatra.

Romans under Octavius attack Egypy. Ventidious,

Antony’s general comes to aid and consoles Antony, when he is feeling defeated.

Antony curses him a traitor when Ventidious talks about Cleopatra lightly, but then he promises Ventidious to leave her and go to Syria to help him.

Cleopatra becomes angry and Antony accuses Cleopatra as the cause of his downfall, Cleopatra says as a friend he must go to Syria, but as a lover he need to live in Alexandria.

He doesn’t leave when Cleopatra says that she is at his mercy to save the state from the Romans.

A small victory makes Antonio proud, while Octavius was preparing a bigger army. Ventidious proposes a compromise.
Octavia and his two daughters are brought to remind Antonio of them, saying that Octavius will move out of Egypt if they are together again.
He agrees and feels scared to talk to Cleopatra. Cleopatra wants to make Antony jealous by interacting with Dolabella which Ventidious watches and tells Antony about that.
Cleopatra becomes angry with the ill advice of jealousy and wants to kill herself with dagger.
Antony sees Egyptian and Roman fleets meeting together believing that Cleopatra is behind that, but gets the news of her taking her life. Antonio falls on a sword, Cleopatra makes him believe that she was always in love with him. After his death, Cleopatra gets bitten by a poisonous snakes to kill herself.

Question 5

Important Quotes from All for Love

Answer 5

Thou best of thieves: who, with an easy key,
Dost open life, and, unperceived by us,
Even steal us from ourselves”
• Cleopatra says that about the snakes who kill steal death from people, when she is planning to kill herself with snakebite.
“I can forgive
A foe; but not a mistress and a friend.
Treason is there in its most horrid shape,
Where trust is greatest; and the soul resigned,
Is stabbed by its own guards: I’ll hear no more;
Hence from my sight for ever!”
• Antony says this to Cleopatra believing that she is having an affair with Dolabella.

Question 6

Plot of Conquest of Granada?

Answer 6

Conquest of Granada (1672)
Plot: The play is based on the real battle of Granada fought between the Moors and the Spanish leading to the fall of Granada. It deals with the two groups within the moors, , the Abencerrages and the Zegrys. The hero is Almanzor, who fights for the Moors. He is in love with Almahide, who is engaged to Boabdelin, king of the Moors. They unite when Boabdelin dies in the end.

Question 7

Plot of Aureng-zebe

Answer 7

Aureng-zebe(1675) Aurangzeb (Aureng-zebe), The Mughal Emperor of India; who defeats his brother Darah Sikoh, but Murad Baksh (Morat); and their father, Shah Jahan (Emperor) want Morat to become the emperor because of Aureng-zebe’s love for Indamora. Aureng-zebe doesn’t feel convinced about the innocence of Indamora thinking that she is with Morat. He wins against Morat in the final battle.

Question 8

Plays by John Dryden

Answer 8

All for Love(1678)
Conquest of Granada(1672)
Aureng-zebe (1675)
• The Wild Gallant, a Comedy (1663/1669)
• The Rival Ladies, a Tragi-Comedy (1663/1664)
• The Indian Queen, a Tragedy (1664/1665)
• The Indian Emperor, or the Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards (1665/)
• The State of Innocence, and Fall of Man, an Opera (/1674)
• Aureng-Zebe, a Tragedy (1676/1676)
• All for Love, or the World Well Lost, a Tragedy (1678/1678)

Question 9

Plays by Nathaniel Lee?

Answer 9

• Eleven tragedies: Oedipus (1678), The Duke of Guise (1682)
• The Rival Queens or the Death Of Alexander the Great (1677) The play is about Alexander the Great and his two wives Roxana and Statira who want to get the affection of Alexander, but the play ends in a tragedy.

Question 10

Plays by Thomas Otway?

Answer 10

• The Orphan (1680) is a domestic tragedy
• Venice Preserv’d (1682) Jaffeir secretly marries Belvidra. His friend Priuli wants him to plot against the Senate of Venice. Belvidra makes a plan where Jaffeir can reveal the plot and ger rewarded. But both get punished. Jaffier kills himself and Priuli is hanged.

Question 11

Plays by Elkanah Settle?

Answer 11

• Dryden attacked him in his satires

* He wrote heroic plays like The Empress of Morocco (1673)

Question 12

Plays by John Crowne?

Answer 12

• He attacked Dryden
• He wrote tragedies like Caligula (1698), Thystes (1681),
• He also wrote a comedy, Sir Coutley Nice (1685)

Question 13

Who wrote the Rehearsal?

Answer 13

Duke of Buckingham- The Rehearsal, satirizes Dryden’s Conquest of Granada. The play concerns a playwright named Bayes attempting to stage a play. The play he is going to put on is made up almost entirely of excerpts of existing heroic dramas.
• Dryden made Buckingham into the figure of Zimri in his Absalom and Achitophel.)

Question 14

Plays by Thomas Southerne?

Answer 14

• His tragic plays include The Fatal Marriage (1694) The piece is based on Aphra Behn’s The History of the Nun, with the addition of a comic underplot. It was frequently revived, and in 1757 was altered by David Garrick and produced at Drury Lane.
• It was known later as Isabella, or The Fatal Marriage.
• Isabella is mourning her husband’s death feeling alienated from the society. Villeroy uses her innocence and then rapes her
• Oronoko (1695), borrowed from the short story by Aprah Ben, but he changed Imoinda’s skin color from black to white
• It has two plots, one dealing with interracial African couple having a tragic life and another having Charlotte getting married to a rich husband along with her sister.

Question 15

Which plays developed Comedy of Manners

Answer 15

• It was developed as New Comedy in Ancient Greece by Meander, who was imitated by Roman Playwrights Plautus and Terence and French playwright Molière, in his plays L’École des femmes ([The School for Wives], 1662), Tartuffe ([The Imposter], 1664), and Le Misanthrope ([The Misanthrope], 1666).

Question 16

What is Comedy of Manners?

Answer 16

• In Comedy of Manners there is a satire of the manners and behaviour of the society in critique of the standards of the society. Stock characters represent social stereotypes and plot centres around scandals related to power and money.

Question 17

William Congreve Biography?

Answer 17

Born: 24 January 1670, Bardsey, United Kingdom
Died: 19 January 1729, London, United Kingdom
Parents: William Congreve, Mary Browning

• Congreve’s Father was sent to army in Ireland. Congreve was sent to school of Kilkenny, the Eton of Ireland. In 1686, he went to Trinity College, Dublin. He had George Ashe, a famous philosopher and mathematician as a teacher and Jonathan Swift as his school fellow.
• In1692 he published Incognita: or, Love and Duty reconcil’d. under the pseudonym Cleophil near-parody of fashionable romance.
• He became a protégé of John Dryden and Collaborated with him in his translation of the satires of Juvenal and Persius (dated 1693) by contributing the complimentary poem “To Mr. Dryden.”

Question 18

Summary of The Old Bachelor?

Answer 18

The Old Bachelor, written to amuse himself while convalescing, was produced at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in 1693.
Plot: HEARTWELL is the old bachelor who is in love with SILVIA, who is a mistress of Vainlove. He is unaware of that and get married to her only to find out the truth later. However the parson is not a real one, but he is Vainlove’s friend Belmour, and Heartwell feels relieved to know the truth later.

Question 19

Summary of the Double Dealer?

Answer 19

The Double Dealer (1695):

Lady TOUCHWOOD attempts to end her life when she reveals to MELLOFONT who is in love with CYNTHIA, that she is infatuated towards him and vowed revenge.
Maskwell, Mellefont’s friend is the double dealer planning with Lady Touchwood.
He makes Lady Plyant believe that Mellefont is in love with her and not Cynthia.
Mellefont wants to elope with Cynthia, which she refuses to, but agrees to marry him.
In the end, Lord Touchwood confronts Lady Touchwood about her plan and the whole plot is uncovered. Maskwell the double dealer is unmasked.

Question 20

Summary of The Way of the World?

Answer 20

The Way of the World (premiered March 1700). This play was a failure at the time of production but is seen as one of his masterpieces today, and is still revived, It premiered in early March 1700 in the theatre in Lincoln’s Inn Fields in London. The role of Mirabell and Millamant was originally played by John Verbruggen and Anne Bracegirdle respectively.
Plot: Mirabell plants Waitwell as Sir Rowland, his wealthy uncle. After wooing her just before the actual wedding, Mirabell will reveal the truth and promise not to humiliate Lady Wishfort and reveal about it in public only if she agrees to engage Millamant with him.
Fainall, who is married to Lady Wishfort’s daughter is having an affair with Mrs. Marwood and wants to reveal the plot by Mirabell to get the inheritance. He plans to blackmail Lady Wishfort with the information that Mirabell had an affair with Mrs. Fainall before marriage and he got them married because she was pregnant with Mirabell’s child. Millamant accepts Mirabell’s proposal although Lady Wishfort wants her to marry Sir Wilfull. Lady Wishfort starts flirting with Sir Rowland(Waitwell). Fainall reveals to Lady Wishfort about Mrs. Fainall’s affair and Sir Rowland. He agrees to not reveal the truth only if he gets all her inheritance reserved for Millamant and Mrs. Fainall. Millamant secretly agrees to marry Sir Wilfull to save her inheritance. With the help of Mirabell the maids reveal Fainall and Mrs. Marwood’s affair. Fainall is thrown out and Mirabella and Millamant get engaged.
Analysis: The plays shows the decay in human nature of the elite class during the period of restoration. The characters didn’t have any moral values and were ready to do anything to get money and power in the society. The plot involves the triumph of the cunning plan made by Mirabell against Lady Wishfort, which was challenged by Fainall. Even Millamant was ready to leave Mirabell to save her inheritance. In this world love didn’t matter, only money mattered.

Question 21

Quotes from the Way of the World?

Answer 21

“I’ll tell thee, Fainall, she once used with that insolence, that in revenge I took her to pieces; sifted her, and separated her failings; I studied ‘em and got ‘em by rote. The catalogue was so large, that I was not without hopes one day or other to hate her heartily: to which end I used myself to think of ‘em, that at length, contrary to my design and expectation, they gave me every hour less and less disturbance; till in a few days it became habitual to me to remember ‘em without being displeased. They are now grown as familiar to me as my own frailties; and in all probability, in a little time longer, I shall like ‘em as well.”
Mirabell (Act I, Scene II)
Analysis
In this quote Mirabell shows that he really loves Millamant.

Question 22

The Rover is a play by?

Answer 22

Aprah Ben
Comedies: The Town Fop
Sir Patient Fancy(1678) and The Lucky Chance(1686)
The Forced Marriage was staged in 1670, Farce called The Emperor and the Moon(1687)
Used Pantomime and made it popular. She underlined inequalities with women

Question 23

Summary of The Rover?

Answer 23

The Rover(1677), is about banished Cavaliers (supporters of King Charles I during the English Civil War).
The play is subtitled ‘The Banish’d Cavaliers’. It takes place in Naples at the time of the English Interregnum, the period between the death of Charles I and when Charles II resumed the throne, when England was led by various attempts at Commonwealth governments.
Plot:
Rover WILLIMORE and his Cavalier friends. Having been banished from England, they’re in Naples looking for a good time during Carnivale,
Willmore falls in love with Spanish woman named Hellena,
who want to love someone before she is sent to a convent by her brother Pedro.
A courtesan Angellica Bianca also falls in love with Willmore. Florida,
Hellena’s sister wants to marry Colonel Belvile instead of her brother’s best friend.
Blunt wants to rape Florida because he wants to take revenge with women after her love Lucetta is revealed to be a prostitute. Florinda and Belvile are married, and Hellena and Willmore commit to marry one another.

Question 24

Biography of William Wycherley?

Answer 24

• His father was steward to the marquess of Winchester. He was sent to France at age 15, where he became a Roman Catholic. After returning to England to study law, He entered Queen’s College, Oxford in 1660. He left the college and converted to Protestantism.
• Perhaps he went to Spain and fought in the naval war against the Dutch in 1665. He drafted his first play, Love in a Wood; or, St. James’s Park, and in 1671.
• He fell ill in 1678 and 1680 secretly married the countess of Drogheda,
• She died a year later leaving him quite wealthy.
• He fought the case for the will and lost his fortune.
• The Gentleman Dancing Master (1672), inspired from a plat by Calderon.

Question 25

Summary of The Country Wife?

Answer 25

The Country Wife, based on a compilation of Molière’s The School for Husbands (1661), The School for Wives (1662), and Terence’s The Eunuch (161 BCE),
Plot:
HARRY HORNER, a womanizer spreads rumour of him being impotent through his doctor so that men leave their wives with him. PiINCHWIFE tries to hide his wife MARGERY, but she falls for Horner. Harcourt falls in love with Pinchwife’s sister ALITHEA.
There are several twists and trickeries and, in the end, Pinchwife lives unhappily with his wife and Horner continues his womanizing.

Analysis: The plays shows us the competition for woman between men and rumours are more important than social values. It ends with the criticism of marriage system and also the adultery continues, which is different from the earlier comedies where the people who loved each other used to marry each other. Characters like Horner are successful in their mission without being punished in anyway.

Question 26

Quotes from The Country Wife?

Answer 26

“Women and Fortune are truest still to those that trust ’em.”
Act V, Scene 4
Near the end of the play, Alethea utters a fine-sounding epigram

“A pox on ’em, and all that force Nature, and would be still what she forbids ’em. Affectation is her greatest monster.”
Act I, Scene 1,
Horner speaks this line to Harcourt and Dorilant, apropos of the approaching Sparkish talking about “affectation” or “hypocrisy,” as a moral corruption.

Question 27

Summary of the Plain Dealer?

Answer 27

William Wycherley
The Plain Dealer(1676)
• Plot: Captain MANLY, is doubtful about everyone except OLIVIA, his beloved, but she marries VERNISH. Manly wants to take revenge by sending a pageboy(who is a girl in disguise and who loves him) to seduce Olivia. In the end, Manly marries the girl.

• The French philosopher, historian, and dramatist Voltaire adapted The Plain Dealer to make his own play, titled La Prude (The Prude).
• Jeremy Collier critiqued his use of profanity especially his mocking of the clergy.

Question 28

Plays by Thomas Shadwell?

Answer 28

Thomas Shadwell (1642-92)
His first published play, The Sullen Lovers (1668), and The Humourists(1670) were inspired from Comedy of Humours.
Social comedy, Epsom Wells(1672),
The Virtuso(1676) is a satire on the Royal Society
In the preface, He attacks Dryden for criticizing Jonson, whom Shadwell adored, and Dryden wrote Mac Flecknoe to satirize Shadwell and damaged his reputation.
Plot: Bruce and Longvil showed fake interest in Sir Nicholas’s absurd scientific experiments in order to get inside his house because it had their beloveds. They however are courted by Nicholas’s wife Lady Gimrick. They finally decide to marry Miranda and Clarinda respectively because they loved them.
The Squire of Alsatia(1688), Bury Fair(1689)
The Sullen Lovers in 1668, and
• Anne Shadwell played in the leading role in the play.
• The play ridiculed Dryden as well
The Lancashire Witches (1681), was played which was an anti-Catholic satire causing a feud with the Master of Revels
• Shadwell was effectively exiled from the theatre for the next several years.

Question 29

Bio of Sir John Vanbrough?

Answer 29

Sir John Vanbrough (1664-1726)
• An architect and a dramatist.
• Born in London and baptised on 24 January 1664,
• Father: Giles Vanbrugh, a London cloth-merchant of Flemish-Protestant
and mother Elizabeth, widow of Thomas Barker
• Lived in Chester and attended The King’s School in Chester

• His first play, The RELAPSE(1696) in which he went back to the hero who was carefree and reckless, it was an answer to the hero’s deterioration in Colley Cibber’s play Love’s Last Shift.

Question 30

Summary of The Provok’d Wife

Answer 30

The Provok’d Wife(1697) was attacked by Collier and Vanbrugh answered it with his work A Short Vindication (1698)

He adapted Moliere, Fletcher and others as play had adultery as a theme and dealt with women’s right, deceit
Plot: Lady BRUTE want to be away from his rude and drunken husband Sir John Brute. It is just a marriage of convenience. She has a lover CONSTANT. She and her niece Belinda enjoy the company of Constant and Hertfree who is dating Belinda.
Sir John is hauled before the courts for drunken disorder for being dressed in his wife’s frock! Lady Fancyfull is in love with Heartfree and disguises herself as his wife. The lovers are exposed in Sir John’s home. Sir John engages Constant in a duel of Manlihood, but soon says no.

• He also collaborated with Congreve and William Walsh in Squite Trelooby(1704)

Question 31

Sentimental Drama

Answer 31

• Jeremy Collier’s pamphlet, A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage (1698) targeted the ‘vulgarity’ and lack of morality which was reflected in the Comedy of Manners.
• In Sentimental Comedy there was a lot more pathos and melodrama instead of wit. The characters were morally upright, sensible and the battle was between good and evil. In the end, the audience wept. It dealt more with domestic life.
• Oliver Goldsmith said about Sentimental Comedy that in this ‘virtues of private life are exhibited, rather than the frailty of mankind’
• Horace Walpole introduced Licencing Act of 1737, because of the mocking of his corruption on stage.
• Famous Theatres: Drury Lane and Covent Garden, Famous Actor: David Garrick.

Question 32

Who was Mrs. Susannah Centlivre?

Answer 32

Mrs. Susannah Centlivre (1669-1723)

• She was an actress, dramatist, essayist and a poet.

Question 33

Summary of the Busie Body

Answer 33

Play by Mrs Susannah Centlivre
The Busie Body (1709),
Plot: MIRANDA is orphaned and is in love with Sir GEORGE AIRY, but will lose inheritance if she marries him before twenty five, without the permission of her guardian Sir Francis Grip. He wants to marry Miranda herself to get the inheritance. She agrees first but when she gets the permission letter, tricks him into not writing the name of the partner. Miranda and Sir George can now marry without losing the inheritance.

Question 34

Some plays by Mrs Susannah?

Answer 34

The Wonder: A Woman Keeps a Secret (1714)
A Bold Stroke of a Wife (1718)
She produced 18 plays,
In Gamester (1705) and The Basset Table (1705) she attacked Gambling and Card playing.

Question 35

Plays by Colley Cibber?

Answer 35

Colley Cibber (1671-1757)
LOVE’S LAST SHIFT: or, The Fool in Fashion (1696)
Plot: It is about the last trick that AMANDA had to play to reform her reckless husband LOVELESS.
He is away from home spending his time drinking and in brothels. She disguises herself as a prostitute and invites him to her house. In the morning she reveals herself reforming Loveless.
In the subplot, Sir Novelty Fashion, written by Cibber for himself to play, flirts with every women but is known for his wit.
Other plays, The Careless Husband (1704), The Lady’s Last Stake (1707) and The Provoked Husband (1728)
• He managed Drury Lane Theatre
• 20 plays in 50 years.
• Autobiography: An Apology for the Life of Mr. Colley Cibber (1740)

Question 36

Plays by Richard Steele?

Answer 36

Conscious Loves(1722)
The Funeral. (1701)
The Lying Lover,(1703) one of the first sentimental comedies, but a failure on stage.
In 1705, Steele wrote The Tender Husband with contributions from Addison’s, which was inspired from Moliere.
1705 Prologue to The Mistake, by John Vanbrugh

Question 37

Summary of Conscious Lover?

Answer 37

Conscious Loves(1722) was influenced by Terence’s Andreas. 
Plot: Sir John Bevil wants his son, Bevil Jr. to marry Lucinda, the daughter of Mr Sealand, Bevil Jr. is in love with Indiana, a poor orphan girl and his friend, Myrtle is in love with Lucinda, Indiana is actually the daughter of Mr Sealand from his first wife.  Mrs Sealand wants Lucinda to marry Cimberton, but she wants to marry Bevil Jr. Cimberton cannot marry her until he gets the consent of the Sir Geoffrey. 

Myrtle and Bevil Jr. decide to disguise Tom, their servant as Sir Geoffrey’s lawyers. They manage to convince both Cimberton and Mrs Sealand that Cimberton’s marriage cannot happen without the presence of Sir Geoffrey.
Mr. Sealand decides to visit Indiana to know about Bevil Jr. Myrtle disguises as Sir Geoffrey to further delay the marriage.
Mrs Sealand begins the marriage proceedings. Isabella recognizes Mr Sealand but he doesn’t recognize his sister. Mr Sealand recognizes the bracelet of Indiana as one from his first wife. He is happy to be reunited with his daughter and sister and insists that Indiana must marry Bevil Jr. Mr Sealand now wants Myrtle to marry his daughter Lucinda

Question 38

Plays by Henry Fielding?

Answer 38

Henry Fielding (1707-54)
Love in Several Masques – 1728
The Temple Beau – 1730
The Modern Husband – 1732
The Universal Gallant, or The Different Husbands, A Comedy – 1735
Miser (1733) inspired from Moliere’s L’ Avare.
• Shaw about Henry Fielding, ‘the greatest dramatist with the exception of Shakespeare between the Middle ages and the nineteenth century’
Richard Cumberland (1732-1811) wrote fifty plays.
• His first play was a tragedy, The Banishment of Cicero, published in 1761
• 1765 by a musical drama, The Summer’s Tale, subsequently compressed into an afterpiece Amelia (1768).
The Brothers (1769) is inspired by Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones; its comic characters are the jolly old tar Captain Ironsides, and the henpecked husband Sir Benjamin Dove, whose progress to self-assertion is genuinely comic.

Question 39

Plays by Hugh Kelly?

Answer 39

False Delicacy (1768), 10,000 copies sold, is about false delicacies of three ladies cured by two people who are anti-sentimental
• The play was against Goldsmith’s Good-Natured Man which came in the same year.
The School for Wives(1773), was a version of Moliere and was successful

Question 40

Plays by Joseph Addison?

Answer 40

Joseph Addison (1672-1718)
Cato (1713) written in blank verse

Question 41

Plays by Nicholas Rowe?

Answer 41

Nicholas Rowe (1674-1718)
• Made poet laureate in 1715
• His tragedies are Tamerlane (1702), The Fair Panitent (1703), and Jane Shore (1714) Lady Jane Grey (1715)

Question 42

George Lillo plays?

Answer 42

The London Merchant: or The History of George Barnwell (1731)
The Fatal Curiosity (1736)
Both were domestic tragedies related to ordinary people instead of kings and queens.

Question 43

Bio of Oliver Goldsmith?

Answer 43

• born Nov. 10, 1730, Kilkenny West, County Westmeath, Ire
• died April 4, 1774, London
Anglo-Irish essayist, poet, novelist, dramatist, and eccentric, made famous by such works as the series of essays The Citizen of the World, or, Letters from a Chinese Philosopher (1762), the poem The Deserted Village (1770), the novel The Vicar of Wakefield (1766), and the play She Stoops to Conquer (1773).
• His father was Rev. Charles Goldsmith, an Anglo-Irish Clergyman in charge of Kilkenny West, County Westmeath.
• He spent his childhood nearby Lissoy. Did his graduation from at Trinity College, Dublin,
• He then went to study in the medical school at Edinburgh.

• His essays, Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe (1759), He emerged as an essayist, in The Bee and other periodicals, and above all in his Chinese Letters.
• These essays were first published in the journal The Public Ledger and were collected as The Citizen of the World in 1762.
• He attacked sentimental comedies in his ‘The Present State of Polite Learning (1772)
• First Comedy The Good Natured Man (1768)

She Stoops to Conquer or, The Mistakes of a Night (1773)

Question 44

Summary of She Stoops to Conquer?

Answer 44

She Stoops to Conquer or, The Mistakes of a Night (1773)

Plot: Mr. HARDCASTLE wants his daughter KATE to marry the son of Sir CHARLES Marlow, and Mrs. Hardcastle wants her son to TONY to marry CONSTANCE who is her ward, but she loves HASTINGG. Tony fools Marlow and Hasting to believe that Mr. Hardcastle has an inn as home. Kate wins the heart of Marlow by pretending to be a servant. In the end, Tony unites Constance and Hastings.

Question 45

Quotes from She Stoops to Conquer?

Answer 45

“All is not gold that glitters, pleasure seems sweet, but proves a glass of bitters.”
Mr. Woodward
“Let school-masters puzzle their brain, With grammar, and nonsense, and learning; Good liquor, I stoutly maintain, Gives genius a better discerning.”
Tony Lumpkin’s song Act I,

Question 46

Bio of Richard Sheridan?

Answer 46

Richard Brinsley Sheridan, in full Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan, (baptized November 4, 1751, Dublin, Ireland—died July 7, 1816, London, England),
• Irish-born playwright, impresario, orator, and Whig politician.
• He was the third son of Thomas and Frances Sheridan.
• His grandfather Thomas Sheridan was friends with Jonathan Swift.
• His father wrote a dictionary and his mother was a playwright.
• The family moved to London. He was educated (1762–68) at Harrow, and in 1770 he moved with his family to Bath.
• There Sheridan fell in love with Elizabeth Ann Linley, but decided to become a nun in France. Sheridan was ordered by his father to Waltham Abbey, Essex, to pursue his studies, but he broke with his father, gave up a legal career, and married Elizabeth.

Question 47

Summary of The Rivals?

Answer 47

The Rivals (1774)
•	A comedy in five acts by Richard Brinsley Sheridan, produced and published in 1775.
The Rivals opened at Covent Garden Theatre, London, in January 1775.  
Plot: Lydia Languish wants to marry a poor man whom she would love. Captain Jack Absolute pretended to be from Ensign Beverly although he was rich in order to woo her. Lydia will lose half her fortune if she married someone without the consent of her aunt Mrs. Malaprop. Jack father Sir Anthony also joins the plot. Lydia marries Jack, abandoning her sentimental pursuit. 
Analysis: The play is a response towards Sentimental Comedy and Comedy of Manners by being a play about people who are not pursuing money and are not too sentimental about their ideas. We also have Mrs. Malaprop who created the idiom Malapropism, which is a mistaken use of word for a similar sounding word. This was used for humour, Ex: alligator for Allegory.

Question 48

Quotes from The Rivals?

Answer 48

“Had I a thousand daughters, by Heaven! I’d as soon have them taught the black art as their alphabet!”
• Anthony says this to Mrs. Malaprop, when she complains that Lydia thinks independently because of her education.

“He is the very pineapple of politeness!”
Mrs. Malaprop said that and it is an example of Malapropism.

Question 49

Summary of The School of Scandals?

Answer 49

• It was performed in 1777 and published in 1780.
• It ridicules the elitism and pretentiousness among people.
Plot: CHARLES SURFACE is good hearted, but his brother JOSEPH is a schemer who is courting Lady TEAZLE, wife of a rich man. Sir OLIVER Surface wants to find out which of his nephews should get his inheritance, so he disguises himself and finds out that Joseph is a hypocrite and Charles gets his money and love both.

Question 50

Summary of The Fall of Robespierre?

Answer 50

S.T. Coleridge and Robert Southey wrote
The Fall of Robespierre (1794) It starts in Tuileries, where Bertrand Barère, Jean-Lambert Tallien and Louis Legendre, opponents of Robespierre discuss their plans to challenge the “tyrant”. They deliver several speeches on the matter of liberty and freedom.

Question 51

Summary of Marino Faliero?

Answer 51

Lord Byron: Marino Faliero, Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice is a blank verse tragedy in five acts by Lord Byron, published and first performed in 1821.
Plot: The play is set in Venice in 1355. Marino Faliero, recently elected Doge of Venice, offends Michel Steno, the chief officers of state .
Steno writes back to the Doge’s throne an indecent libel on Faliero’s wife. He is convicted by the Council of Forty but get one month in Prison. Faliero is angry that the punishment is not enough and secretly joins in the conspiracy of a group of malcontents to remove the constitution of Venice. The authorities find out and Faliero is executed.

Question 52

Summary of Sardanapalu, Sardanapalus?

Answer 52

Byron
Sardanapalu, Sardanapalus (1821) is a historical tragedy in blank verse by Lord Byron, set in ancient Nineveh and recounting the fall of the Assyrian monarchy and its supposed last king.

Question 53

Plays by Byron

Answer 53

Marino Faliero
Sardanapalu, Sardanapalus
The Two Foscari and Cain (1821). Cain and Heaven and Earth (1821) were Biblical Plays

Question 54

The Cenci is a play by?

Answer 54

Shelley’s The Cenci (1819) The Cenci, A Tragedy, in Five Acts (1819) is a verse drama in five acts by Percy Bysshe Shelley written in the summer of 1819, and inspired by a real Italian family, the House of Cenci
The horrific tragedy, set in 1599 in Rome. A young woman murders her tyrannical father and is executed for that.
Inspired from Annali d’Italia, a twelve-volume chronicle of Italian history written by Ludovico Antonio Muratori in 1749.

Question 55

Summary of Prometheus Unbound?

Answer 55

Prometheus Unbound, a lyrical drama in four acts (1820)
The play is inspired from classical Prometheia, a trilogy of plays attributed to Aeschylus.
Plot: Prometheus goes against the Gods and gives fire to humanity. He is subjected to eternal punishment given by Zeus. Unlike the classical version, there is no reconciliation between Prometheus and Jupiter (Zeus), instead Jupitar falls from power without support and Prometheus is released.
The play is closet Drama, which doesn’t have to performed on stage. Shelley wanted the readers to imagine the stage.

Question 56

The Brides Tragedy is a play by?

Answer 56

Thomas Lovell Beddoes (1803-49)
The Brides’ Tragedy (1822)
Plot: Hesperus is a son of a nobleman who married Floribel secretly. Orlando imprisoned Hesperus’s father Lord Ernest for his debts. Hesperus has agreed to marry Olivia, Orlando’s sister to release his father. Hesperus mistakes Floribel innocent kiss to Orlando’s brother as her adultery and woos Olivia. He is now becoming mad, and wants to kill Floribel. Hesperus invites the soul of Hugo to displace his own, so that he can find the courage to murder Floribel.
Meeting Floribel in the woods brutally stabs and buries her. Huntsman find Floribel’s body with a dagger that has Hesperus’s name engraved upon it.
Olivia experiences a slow death and Hesperus is preparing for execution at the hands of the state. Floribel’s mother Lenora kills Hesperus and herself with a fragrant but poisonous bouquet of flowers.
Death’s Jest Book (1825)