Neo-Realism and Neo-Liberalism

Question 1

belief that international relations are primarily shaped by competition and conflict between states driven by their pursuit of power and security

Answer 1

Realism

Question 2

Realism is the belief that IR are primarily shaped by ______ and ______ between states driven by their pursuit of power and security

Answer 2

competition and conflict

Question 3

belief that international relations are influenced by cooperation, institutions, and shared values, promoting peace and progress through diplomacy and interconnectedness

Answer 3

Liberalism

Question 4

Liberalism is the belief that IR are influenced by what?

Answer 4

cooperation, institutions, and shared values, promoting
peace and progress through diplomacy and
interconnectedness

Question 5

“neo” meaning

Answer 5

“new” “recent” or “modified”

Question 6

_____ and _____ are intellectual siblings that have dominated mainstream academic scholarship in International Relations (IR) in the US.

Answer 6

Neo-realism and neo-liberalism

Question 7

Neo-realism and neo-liberalism are the offsprings of ____ and _____

Answer 7

realism and liberalism

Question 8

These are the offsprings of realism and liberalism

Answer 8

neo-realism and neo-liberalism

Question 9

They are more than
theories; both are paradigms or conceptual frameworks
that define a field of study and define an agenda for
research and policy-making

Answer 9

neo-realism and neo-liberalism

Question 10

refers to Kenneth Waltz’s
Theory of International Politics (1979) which emphasizes
the importance of the structure of the international system
and its role as the primary determinant of state behavior

Answer 10

neo-realism

Question 11

This book emphasizes the importance of the structure of the international system and its role as the primary determinant of state behavior

Answer 11

Kenneth Waltz’s Theory of International Politics (1979)

Question 12

Kenneth Waltz’s Theory of International Politics (1979) which emphasizes the importance of the ______ and its role as the primary determinant of state behavior

Answer 12

structure of the international system

Question 13

_____ generally refers to
neo-liberal institutionalism, or what is now called
institutional theory

Answer 13

neo-liberalism

Question 14

neo-liberalism generally refers to _________, or what is now called institutional theory

Answer 14

neo-liberal institutionalism

Question 15

neo-liberalism generally refers to neo-liberal institutionalism, or what is now called
_________

Answer 15

institutional theory

Question 16

A _______ promotes free trade or open markets and Western democratic values and institutions

Answer 16

neo-liberal foreign policy

Question 17

In reality, ______ tend not to be as wedded to the ideals of democratic peace, free trade, and open borders. National interests take precedence over morality and universal ideals, and, much to the dismay of traditional realists, economic interests are given priority over geopolitical ones.

Answer 17

neo-liberal foreign policies

Question 18

neo-liberal foreign policies tend
not to be as wedded to the ideals of ______, _______, and _____

Answer 18

democratic peace, free
trade, and open borders

Question 19

Robert Keohane (KYOHAN) (in Baldwin 1993), a neo-liberal
institutionalist, has stated that neo-liberal institutionalism
borrows equally from ____ and ___

Answer 19

realism and liberalism

Question 20

Who is the neo-liberal institutionalist who stated that neo-liberal institutionalism
borrows equally from realism and institutionalism

Answer 20

Robert Keohane

Question 21

Both theories represent status quo perspectives and are what Robert Cox calls problem-solving theories

Answer 21

realism and liberalism

Question 22

Robert Cox called realism and liberalism as _____

Answer 22

problem-solving theories

Question 23

both neo-realism and neo-liberalism address issues and problems that could disrupt the status quo—namely, the issues of _____, _____, and ____

Answer 23

security, conflict, and
cooperation

Question 24

Both theories (Neo-realism and neo-liberalism) do not call for major reform or radical
transformation of the international system

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Neo-realism and neo-liberalism are system maintainer theories, meaning that they are generally satisfied with the current international system and its actors, values, and power arrangements.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Neo-realism and neo-liberalism are _____, meaning that they are generally satisfied with the current international system and its actors, values, and power arrangements.

Answer 26

system maintainer theories

Question 27

Issues neo-realist theory focuses on

Answer 27

issues of military security and war

Question 28

Issues Neo-liberal theorists focus on

Answer 28

issues of cooperation, international political economy, and, the environment

Question 29

For neo-realists, the core research question is

Answer 29

how to survive in this system

Question 30

For neo-liberals, the core question for research is

Answer 30

how to promote and support cooperation in an anarchic and competitive international system

Question 31

____ strays away from traditional or classical realism

Answer 31

Kenneth Waltz’s neo-realism or the theory of structural realism

Question 32

On the notion that “Realism is primarily an inductive theory” _____ explain international politics by looking at the actions and interactions of the states in the system

Answer 32

Traditional realists

Question 33

On the notion that “Realism is primarily an inductive theory” For Waltz, he does not deny the importance of unit-level explanations, but he believes that the effects of the _______ must be considered

Answer 33

structure

Question 34

Waltz defines a structure by the ordering principle of the international system, which is anarchy, and the distribution of capabilities across units, which are states

Answer 34

True

Question 35

ordering principle of the international system

Answer 35

anarchy

Question 36

distribution of capabilities across units

Answer 36

states

Question 37

On the View of power. To realists, ___

Answer 37

power is an end in itself

Question 38

considered as the most obvious element of a state’s power

Answer 38

military power

Question 39

To _________, power is an end in itself. They recognize different elements of power (such as economic resources and technology), but with military power considered as the most obvious element of a state’s power

Answer 39

realists

Question 40

Waltz agree that military force is not as essential as a tool of statecraft

Answer 40

false

Question 41

Neo-realists think ____ is more than the accumulation of military resources and the ability to use this power to coerce and control other states in the system

Answer 41

power

Question 42

Waltz and other neo-realists view power as the ___ . They believe that states are differentiated in the system by their power and not by their function, and that power gives a state a place or position in the international system, and that shapes the state’s behavior

Answer 42

combined capabilities of a state

Question 43

On the View on how states react to the condition of anarchy. Realists view anarchy as the ____ , where states react based on factors like their size, location, domestic politics, and leadership

Answer 43

basic condition of the international system

Question 44

On the View on how states react to the condition of anarchy. Neo-realists like Waltz say that anarchy ______, with all states facing similar constraints and striving to maintain their position

Answer 44

defines the system

Question 45

he introduced the concepts of relative and absolute gains in international relations

Answer 45

Joseph Grieco

Question 46

He argued that states pursue both increasing their own power and influence (absolute gains) and ensuring that other states don't gain more power (relative gains) in cooperative efforts.

Answer 46

Joseph Grieco

Question 47

Neo-liberals focus on __, while neo-realists emphasize concerns about relative gains

Answer 47

rule-following and cheating

Question 48

Neo-liberals focus on rule-following and cheating, while neo-realists emphasize concerns about __

Answer 48

relative gains

Question 49

two barriers to international cooperation:

Answer 49

fear of those who might not follow the rules, and the relative gains of others

Question 50

On the version of security studies, scholars from the field have introduced a refined perspective of realism, aimed at ____

Answer 50

comprehending the security threats within the international system and the corresponding strategies for state survival and prosperity

Question 51

This evolved realism, often termed _____, diverges from earlier neo-realist interpretations by Waltz and Grieco, which are more policy-relevant and more prescriptive versions of neo-realism

Answer 51

defensive and offensive realism

Question 52

, an offensive realist, argues that relative power, not absolute power, is crucial for states. He suggests that leaders should focus on security policies that weaken potential enemies and enhance their own power relative to others

Answer 52

John Mearsheimer

Question 53

Defensive realists, like ____, acknowledge that the costs of war outweigh its benefits in most circumstances. They reject military force as a tool for conquest, emphasizing the complexities of interdependence and globalization in contemporary geopolitics

Answer 53

Robert Jervis and Jack Snyder

Question 54

Unlike offensive realists, defensive realists express less optimism but remain cautious

Answer 54

False

Question 55

David Baldwin (1993) identified four (4) varieties of liberalism that influence contemporary International Relations:

Answer 55

commercial, republican, sociological, and liberal institutionalism

Question 56

- It advocates free trade and a market or capitalist economy as the way towards peace and prosperity.

Answer 56

Commercial Liberalism

Question 57

- Today, it is known as the democratic peace theory

Answer 57

Republican Liberalism

Question 58

- It views democratic states as more inclined to respect the rights of their citizens and are less likely to go to war with their democratic neighbors.

Answer 58

Republican Liberalism

Question 59

- It emphasizes the notion of community and the process of interdependence as important elements

Answer 59

Sociological Liberalism

Question 60

- Considered by many scholars to present the most convincing challenge to realist and neo-realist thinking

Answer 60

Liberal institutionalism

Question 61

- It proposes that peace and prosperity come through independent states joining forces and creating integrated communities, even surrendering some sovereignty

Answer 61

Liberal institutionalism

Question 62

also focused on transnationalism and complex interdependence

Answer 62

Liberal institutionalism

Question 63

Liberal institutionalism: Complex interdependence highlighted four key aspects:

Answer 63

- increasing linkages among states and non-state actors; - a new agenda of international issues with no distinction between low and high politics; - a recognition of multiple channels for interaction among actors across national boundaries; and - the decline of the efficacy of military force as a tool of statecraft.

Question 64

Neo-liberal institutionalism, similar to neo-realism, focuses on international relations. However, it emphasizes ____ over ____ and ____, arguing that institutions play a crucial role in fostering collaboration among states.

Answer 64

cooperation over conflict and competition

Question 65

Neo-liberal institutionalists see 'institutions' as the ___________________ among actors in the system.

Answer 65

mediator and the means to achieve cooperation

Question 66

The core assumptions of neo-liberals are:

Answer 66

- States are key actors in international relations, but not the only significant actors - States seek to maximize absolute gains through cooperation - Cooperation is never without problems

Question 67

Both disagree that the international system is anarchic

Answer 67

false

Question 68

Three notable areas for deeper exploration include the

Answer 68

role of domestic politics, learning, and political globalization

Question 69

All politics is now __ (global and local), and neo-realists especially, but also neo-liberals, must pay attention to what goes on inside a state.

Answer 69

glocal

Question 70

the debate overlooks the evolving landscape of ___

Answer 70

political activism

Question 71

Neo-liberal discussions on globalization revolve around two main approaches:

Answer 71

free market commercialism and academic institutionalism