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PS 180 LE 2 > Neo-Realism and Neo-Liberalism > Flashcards

Neo-Realism and Neo-Liberalism Flashcards

1
Q

belief that international relations are primarily shaped by competition and conflict between states driven by their pursuit of power and security

A

Realism

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2
Q

Realism is the belief that IR are primarily shaped by ______ and ______ between states driven by their pursuit of power and security

A

competition and conflict

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3
Q

belief that international relations are influenced by cooperation, institutions, and shared values, promoting peace and progress through diplomacy and interconnectedness

A

Liberalism

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4
Q

Liberalism is the belief that IR are influenced by what?

A

cooperation, institutions, and shared values, promoting
peace and progress through diplomacy and
interconnectedness

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5
Q

“neo” meaning

A

“new” “recent” or “modified”

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6
Q

_____ and _____ are intellectual siblings that have dominated mainstream academic scholarship in International Relations (IR) in the US.

A

Neo-realism and neo-liberalism

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7
Q

Neo-realism and neo-liberalism are the offsprings of ____ and _____

A

realism and liberalism

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8
Q

These are the offsprings of realism and liberalism

A

neo-realism and neo-liberalism

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9
Q

They are more than
theories; both are paradigms or conceptual frameworks
that define a field of study and define an agenda for
research and policy-making

A

neo-realism and neo-liberalism

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10
Q

refers to Kenneth Waltz’s
Theory of International Politics (1979) which emphasizes
the importance of the structure of the international system
and its role as the primary determinant of state behavior

A

neo-realism

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11
Q

This book emphasizes the importance of the structure of the international system and its role as the primary determinant of state behavior

A

Kenneth Waltz’s Theory of International Politics (1979)

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12
Q

Kenneth Waltz’s Theory of International Politics (1979) which emphasizes the importance of the ______ and its role as the primary determinant of state behavior

A

structure of the international system

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13
Q

_____ generally refers to
neo-liberal institutionalism, or what is now called
institutional theory

A

neo-liberalism

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14
Q

neo-liberalism generally refers to _________, or what is now called institutional theory

A

neo-liberal institutionalism

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15
Q

neo-liberalism generally refers to neo-liberal institutionalism, or what is now called
_________

A

institutional theory

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16
Q

A _______ promotes free trade or open markets and Western democratic values and institutions

A

neo-liberal foreign policy

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17
Q

In reality, ______ tend not to be as wedded to the ideals of democratic peace, free trade, and open borders. National interests take precedence over morality and universal ideals, and, much to the dismay of traditional realists, economic interests are given priority over geopolitical ones.

A

neo-liberal foreign policies

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18
Q

neo-liberal foreign policies tend
not to be as wedded to the ideals of ______, _______, and _____

A

democratic peace, free
trade, and open borders

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19
Q

Robert Keohane (KYOHAN) (in Baldwin 1993), a neo-liberal
institutionalist, has stated that neo-liberal institutionalism
borrows equally from ____ and ___

A

realism and liberalism

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20
Q

Who is the neo-liberal institutionalist who stated that neo-liberal institutionalism
borrows equally from realism and institutionalism

A

Robert Keohane

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21
Q

Both theories represent status quo perspectives and are what Robert Cox calls problem-solving theories

A

realism and liberalism

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22
Q

Robert Cox called realism and liberalism as _____

A

problem-solving theories

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23
Q

both neo-realism and neo-liberalism address issues and problems that could disrupt the status quo—namely, the issues of _____, _____, and ____

A

security, conflict, and
cooperation

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24
Q

Both theories (Neo-realism and neo-liberalism) do not call for major reform or radical
transformation of the international system

A

True

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25
Q

Neo-realism and neo-liberalism are system maintainer theories, meaning that they are
generally satisfied with the current international system and its actors, values, and power arrangements.

A

True

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26
Q

Neo-realism and neo-liberalism are _____, meaning that they are generally satisfied with the current international system and its actors, values, and power arrangements.

A

system maintainer theories

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27
Q

Issues neo-realist theory focuses on

A

issues of military
security and war

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28
Q

Issues Neo-liberal theorists focus on

A

issues of cooperation, international political economy, and, the environment

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29
Q

For neo-realists, the core research question is

A

how to survive in this system

30
Q

For neo-liberals, the core question for research is

A

how to promote and support cooperation in an anarchic and
competitive international system

31
Q

____ strays away from traditional or classical realism

A

Kenneth Waltz’s neo-realism or the theory of structural realism

32
Q

On the notion that “Realism is primarily an inductive
theory”

_____ explain international politics by looking at the actions and interactions of the states in the system

A

Traditional realists

33
Q

On the notion that “Realism is primarily an inductive
theory”

For Waltz, he does not deny the importance of unit-level explanations, but he believes that the effects of the _______ must be considered

A

structure

34
Q

Waltz defines a structure by the ordering principle of the international system, which is anarchy, and the distribution of capabilities across units, which
are states

A

True

35
Q

ordering principle of the international system

A

anarchy

36
Q

distribution of capabilities across units

A

states

37
Q

On the View of power.

To realists, ___

A

power is an end in itself

38
Q

considered as the most obvious element of a state’s
power

A

military power

39
Q

To _________, power is an end in itself. They recognize different elements of power (such as economic resources and technology), but with military power considered as the most obvious element of a state’s
power

A

realists

40
Q

Waltz agree that military force is not as essential as a tool of statecraft

A

false

41
Q

Neo-realists think ____ is more than the accumulation of military resources and the ability to use this power to coerce and control other states in the system

A

power

42
Q

Waltz and other neo-realists view power as the ___ .

They believe that states are differentiated in the system by
their power and not by their function, and that power gives a state a place or position in the international system, and that shapes the state’s behavior

A

combined capabilities of a state

43
Q

On the View on how states react to the condition of anarchy.

Realists view anarchy as the ____ , where states react based on factors like their size, location, domestic politics, and
leadership

A

basic condition of the
international system

44
Q

On the View on how states react to the condition of anarchy.

Neo-realists like Waltz say that anarchy ______, with all states facing similar constraints and striving to maintain their position

A

defines the system

45
Q

he introduced the concepts of relative and absolute gains in international relations

A

Joseph Grieco

46
Q

He argued that states pursue both increasing their own power and influence (absolute gains) and ensuring that other states don’t gain more power
(relative gains) in cooperative efforts.

A

Joseph Grieco

47
Q

Neo-liberals focus on __, while
neo-realists emphasize concerns about relative gains

A

rule-following and cheating

48
Q

Neo-liberals focus on rule-following and cheating, while
neo-realists emphasize concerns about __

A

relative gains

49
Q

two barriers to international cooperation:

A

fear of those who
might not follow the rules, and the relative gains of
others

50
Q

On the version of security studies, scholars from the field
have introduced a refined perspective of realism, aimed
at ____

A

comprehending the security threats within the international system and the corresponding strategies for state survival and prosperity

51
Q

This evolved realism, often termed _____, diverges from earlier neo-realist interpretations by Waltz and Grieco, which are more policy-relevant and more prescriptive versions of neo-realism

A

defensive and offensive realism

52
Q

, an offensive realist, argues that relative power, not absolute power, is crucial for states.

He suggests that leaders should focus on security policies that weaken potential enemies and enhance their own power relative to others

A

John Mearsheimer

53
Q

Defensive realists, like ____, acknowledge that the costs of war outweigh its benefits in most circumstances. They reject military force as a tool for conquest, emphasizing the complexities of interdependence and globalization in contemporary geopolitics

A

Robert Jervis and Jack Snyder

54
Q

Unlike offensive realists, defensive realists express less
optimism but remain cautious

A

False

55
Q

David Baldwin (1993) identified four (4) varieties of
liberalism that influence contemporary International
Relations:

A

commercial, republican, sociological, and
liberal institutionalism

56
Q
  • It advocates free trade and a market or capitalist economy as the way towards peace and prosperity.
A

Commercial Liberalism

57
Q
  • Today, it is known as the democratic peace theory
A

Republican Liberalism

58
Q
  • It views democratic states as more inclined to respect the rights of their citizens and are less likely to go to war with their democratic neighbors.
A

Republican Liberalism

59
Q
  • It emphasizes the notion of community and the process of interdependence as important
    elements
A

Sociological Liberalism

60
Q
  • Considered by many scholars to present the most convincing challenge to realist and neo-realist thinking
A

Liberal institutionalism

61
Q
  • It proposes that peace and prosperity come through independent states joining forces and creating integrated communities, even surrendering some sovereignty
A

Liberal institutionalism

62
Q

also focused on transnationalism and complex interdependence

A

Liberal institutionalism

63
Q

Liberal institutionalism:
Complex interdependence highlighted four key aspects:

A
  • increasing linkages among states and non-state actors;
  • a new agenda of international
    issues with no distinction between low and high politics;
  • a recognition of multiple channels for interaction among actors across national boundaries; and
  • the decline of the efficacy of military force as a tool of statecraft.
64
Q

Neo-liberal institutionalism, similar to neo-realism,
focuses on international relations. However, it emphasizes ____ over ____ and ____, arguing that institutions play a crucial role in fostering
collaboration among states.

A

cooperation over conflict and competition

65
Q

Neo-liberal institutionalists
see ‘institutions’ as the ___________________ among actors in the system.

A

mediator and the means to
achieve cooperation

66
Q

The core assumptions of neo-liberals are:

A
  • States are key actors in international relations,
    but not the only significant actors
  • States seek to maximize absolute gains through
    cooperation
  • Cooperation is never without problems
67
Q

Both disagree that the international system is
anarchic

A

false

68
Q

Three notable areas for deeper exploration include the

A

role of domestic politics, learning, and political
globalization

69
Q

All politics is now __ (global and local), and neo-realists especially, but also neo-liberals, must pay attention to what goes on inside a state.

A

glocal

70
Q

the debate overlooks the evolving landscape of ___

A

political activism

71
Q

Neo-liberal discussions on globalization revolve around
two main approaches:

A

free market commercialism and
academic institutionalism

PS 180 LE 2 (1 decks)

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