Nematodes

Question 1

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What is a Nematode?

Answer 1

tiny, unsegmented round- worm that lives as a saprophyte in soil water or as an obligate parasite of animals and plants

Question 2

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What are the different ways that nematodes reproduce?

Answer 2

• Bisexual
• Parthenogenic
• Hermaphroditic
• Multiple mates
• All oviparous

Question 3

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define Parthenogenic:

Answer 3

They dont have to have sex to reproduce

Question 4

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define Bisexual:

Answer 4

Takes a male and female to reproduce

Question 5

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define Hermaphroditic:

Answer 5

• The insect has both make and female parts

Question 6

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All Nematodes are Oviparous…..what does that mean?

Answer 6

• They all lay eggs

Question 7

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Nematodes are parametabolous. tre or false?

Answer 7

False

They are ametabolous

Question 8

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What time of year is the peak population of nematodes?

Answer 8

Fall

Question 9

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How long does the reproduction cycle take?

Answer 9

30 days from egg to egg

Question 10

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How many juvenille instars do nematodes go through? Where does the first one take place?

Answer 10

4

in the egg

Question 11

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Describethe soil conditions that nematodes like

Answer 11

• • Temperature (+40oF)
  • Moisture (field capacity)
  • Texture (sandy)
  • Structure (good 02 exchange)

Question 12

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If nematodes attack the plant and feeds outside the roots, they’re called ______.

Answer 12

Ectoparasites

Question 13

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If nematodes attack and feed on the inside of the roots, they’re called ______.

Answer 13

Endoparasites

Question 14

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What are ways that nematodes affect plants?

Answer 14

Pathogen - cause disease in the absence of other pathogens

Aggravator - forms infection court for other pathogens or breaks down host plant resistance

Vector - carries disease agent from plant to plant

Question 15

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What kind of damage do nematodes do to plants?

Answer 15

• Gall formation
• Lesion formation
• Inhibition of apical growth
• Reduction in root biomass

Question 16

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What are some plant symptoms that you might see that are cause by nematode activity?

Answer 16

• • Abnormal growth - stunting
  • Abnormal color - chlorosis
  • Moisture stress – mid-day wilting
• • Irregular patches of poor growth

Question 17

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When taking soil samples for nematodes, how many plugs do you need?

Answer 17

25

Question 18

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What are some considerations for cultural management of Nematodes?

Answer 18

• • Careful identification of problem areas
• • Raise the cutting height or skip and roll
• • Increased fertility inputs
• • Hand water hot spots
• • Syringe to reduce heat stress
• • Hang on and renovate

Question 19

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What some effective (legal) chemical treatments for Sting or Ring nematode control?

Answer 19

• Avid (abamectin)