Nematodes Flashcards
1
Q
Intestinal nematodes with embryonated ova as infective stage
A
Ascaris
Trichuris
2
Q
Intestinal nematodes with filariform larvae as infective stage
A
hookworms
Strongyloides
3
Q
Pudoc worm, mystery disease.
A
Capillaria
4
Q
Juvenile habitat in humans of Trichinella
A
striated skeletal muscle
adult form in intestinal epithelium
5
Q
Diagnosis of Ascaris
A
eggs in stool
6
Q
Threadworm
A
Strongyloides
7
Q
Treatment for Ascaris
A
DOC: -bendazoles (mebendazole)
pyrantel pamoate
8
Q
Intense tissue reaction liver/lungs caused by Ascaris is due to
A
reinfection
9
Q
Loeffler’s pneumonia + presence of Charcot-Leyden crystal in SPUTUM is indicative of
A
Ascaris pneumonitis
10
Q
Ova arranged in two ways:
1) 8 to 10 eggs in single row
2) 40-45 eggs in 2-3 rows
A
Capillaria
11
Q
Whipworm
A
Trichuris trichiura
12
Q
Non-feeding larval form of hookworm.
Long, slender, closed mouth.
A
filariform
INFECTIVE STAGE
13
Q
Pinworm
A
Enterobius
14
Q
Diagnosis by:
1) presence of ova – colorless, thin-shelled
2) presence of Charcot-Leyden crystals in the absence of ova
A
hookworms
15
Q
Ova are yellow-brown, with double shells, and bipolar mucus plugs. Football-shaped
A
Trichuris
16
Q
Diagnosis of Trichuris
A
Fecal smear
17
Q
Larvae ingested –> encyst in intestine and mature –> reproduce –> larvae released into circulation –> enters muscle cell –> encysts
A
Trichinella
18
Q
Mode of transmission of Enterobius by:
A
ingestion
ALSO inhalation
19
Q
Diagnosis of Strongyloides
A
rhabditiform larvae in feces
OVA ARE NOT SEEN (unless enema, emesis)
20
Q
Caused by ingestion of pork or other uncooked meats. Causes periorbital edema and muscle inflammation.
A
Trichinella
21
Q
Hookworm that is longer, S-shaped, with 1 pair of ventral and dorsal SEMILUNAR cutting plates
A
Necator americanus
22
Q
Hookworm that is shorter but larger, C-shaped, with 2 ventral pairs of curved teeth and 1 dorsal pair of TRIANGULAR
A
Ancylostoma duodenale
23
Q
Nocturnal anal puritus
A
Enterobius
24
Q
Life cycle:
Skin penetration –> enter circulation –> migration from alveoli to trachea –> swallowed and inhabit small bowels
A
hookworms
strongyloides –> will go back to lungs from intestines causing REINFECTION
25
Male has a watch-spring coil appearance
| Female has a blunted, rounder posterior end
Trichuris
26
Cat hookworm.
| Affects duodenum in cats but SUBCUTANEOUS tissue in humans.
Ancylostoma braziliense
27
Transmission of Capillaria
Ingestion of raw fish (containing filariform larvae)
28
Peanut shaped eggs, with small bipolar mucous plugs
Capillaria
29
Parthogenic females
Strongyloides -- seen in parasitic life cycle
30
Ancylostoma causes (more often) chronic or acute?
acute: shorter lifespan
31
Rhabditiform larvae has these characteristic features:
| short buccal cavity, large genital primordium
Strongyloidies
It's either hookworm or Strongyloides since rhabditiform is mentioned.
32
Hookworm that does NOT require lung development
Ancylostoma
33
Life cycle:
| Ingestion of embryonated egg --> larvae hatch and grow in small intestine --> mature in ileo-cecal area
Trichuris
34
Males are not parasitic
Strongyloides
35
ground/Coolie/dew itch, anemia, possible pulmonary symptoms before intestinal problems
hookworm disease
36
Borborygmi (gurgling stomach), abdominal pain, diarrhea.
Capillaria
37
Bachman intradermal test.
Bentonine flocculation test.
Xenodiagnosis (using albino)
Trichinella
38
X-ray reveals:
intestinal hypermotility
dilatation of proximal jejunum
coarsening of mucosal fold
CHRONIC hookworm infection
39
Larva currens - racing larva
Strongyloides
40
Treatment for Enterobious
Mebendazole
pyrantel pamoate
mebendazole + pyrvinium removes ALL stages
41
Intesne localized itching, edema, erythema and papulvesicular eruption in hookworm disease
coolie/dew itch
42
Diagnostic technique of parasitic infection using filter paper
Harada Mori
43
Lifecycle:
Ingestion of egg --> hatch and mature in small intestine --> final habitat in large intestine --> migration to anus for egg-laying
Enterobius
44
cutaneous larva migrans (creeping eruption)
hookworm (most commonly Ancylostoma braziliense)
causes ground itch
45
X-ray resembles Crohn's
Strongyloides
46
Nurse cells are associated with
Trichinella
47
Cochin China Diarrhea
Strongyloides
48
Causes microcytic, hypochromic anemia
hookworm
49
Cause rectal prolapse
Enterobius
50
Eosinophils and Charcot-Leyden crystals in colonic exudate
Trichuris
51
LIfecycle:
Ingestion of ova --> larvae hatch in small intestine --> lymphatics --> lungs --> coughed and swallowed --> small intestines
Ascaris
52
Zoonotic disease usually in young children caused by dog and cat parasites (humans are incidental hosts)
Visceral larval migrans
Toxocara canis > T. catis
53
Intestinal symptoms: honeycomb mucosa, peptic ulcer like, RUQ pain, malabsorption
Strongyloides
54
Causes: loss of height of microvilli, appendicitis, leukocytic infiltration of crypts, diffuse colitis
Trichuris
55
Ascaris ovum with vitelline membrane, smaller lecithin granules, and thicker shell.
fertilized
56
What is Wakana disease (Japan)?
pulmonary disease, pulmonary lesions
itching of pharynx, hoarseness, cough, dyspnea
Caused by ancylostoma
57
Transmission of Ascaris
ingestion of embryonated eggs
58
Ova: D-shaped with cephalic alae
Enterobius
59
Dog hookworm. SUBCUTANEOUS in humans.
Ancylostoma caninum
60
Parasitic, free-living, and autoinfective lifecycles
Strongyloides
61
Clinical course:
GIT symptoms --> fever and facial edema --> fever --> muscle pains --> complications include myocarditis or encephalitis
Trichinella
62
CXR reveals tramway lines
Ascaris
63
When do you take swab of perianal region in diagnosis of Enterobius?
morning and before taking bath
64
Rat lungworm
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
65
Female has barber's pole pattern of uterine tubules. Male is kidney-shaped and single lobed.
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
66
Infection by uncooked snails (and water or vegetables)
Angiostrongylus catonensis
67
Affects CNS --> severe headache, psychosis, meningoencephalitis.
Presence of eosinophilia in CSF and peripheral for diagnosis.
Angiostrongylus catonensis.
68
Sheathed blood/tissue nematodes:
Wuchereria bancrofti
Loa loa
Brugia malayi
69
Sheathed, nuclei does NOT reach tail end
Wuchereria
70
Sheathed, two nuclei with constriction
Brugia
71
Sheathed, nuclei at tail end
Loa loa
72
Unsheathed, reaches end, TWO rows of nuclei.
Dipetalonema perstans
| blunted end
73
Unsheathed, reaches end, ONE row of nuclei.
Dipetalonema streptocerca
| sharp end
74
Unsheathed, does not reach end
Mansonella ozzardi
75
Unsheathed, does not reach end, POINTED
Onchocerca volvulus
76
Nocturnal periodicity - 12am 4am
Wuchereria
| Brugia
77
Vector is S. damnosum (cursed fly)
Onchocerca volvulus
78
Graceful, curved microfilariae
Wuchereria
79
Angular microfilariae
Wuchereria
80
Eye worm. Fugitive/calabar swelling. Diurnal periodicity.
Loa loa
81
River blindness
Onchocerca volvulus
82
Precipitin reaction
Gnathostoma spinigerum
83
Vectors of Wuchereria
Culex (night time feeder)
| Aedes (daytime)
84
Presents as pruritus and hyperpigmentation
onchocercal dermatitis
85
Causes deeper version of larva migrans (muscle or subcutaneous)
Gnathostoma spinigerum
86
Tropical eosinophilia (Weingarten's syndrome)
Wuchereria
87
Asymptomatic with recurrent lymphangitis implies
filariasis with microfilaremia
88
Bung-eye, bulge-eye, bug-eye
Loa loa
89
This worm leads to an intensely itchy anal area at night. Scotch tape test is used to pick up its eggs which are laid in the perianal region at night.
Enterobius vermicularis "Pinworm" - "Enterobus drops off the kids in the perianal region and if it gets a flat u need to scotch tape it"
90
Ubiquitious in tropical areas, only female worms exist, it is tranmitted through the skin, causes larval currens, or "racing larvae", and anemia, diarrhea and vomitting.
Strongyloides. "Strong enough to pass thru skin, and strong enough to race thru-out body".
91
What are the presentations of Strongyloides?
a) Intestinal infection, diarrhea, not serious; b) Chronic Infection - racing larvae; c) Hyperinfections occurs in immunosuppressed.
92
Lady presents with a prolapse of her rectum, anemia, and inceased eosionphils in the blood. Upon a fecal smear Charcot Leyden Crystals are seen.
Trichruis trichiura
93
What are the 4 nematodes that cause intestinal nematodes by ingesting the eggs?
Pinworm (Enterobus), Whipworm (Trichuris), Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), & Toxocara caris
94
This worm is ingested and wedges itself into the Duodenum where it releases its eggs. The Larvae Presentation shows these larvae traveling to Liver and Lungs. The Adult Worm manifestation leads to fever and Intestinal block. Up to 2000 worms can inhabit the duodenum!
Ascaris lumbricoides
95
What is Loeffler's Syndrome?
Intense eosionphilic reaction in the lungs that results from Askaris lumbricoides larvae migration. Produces a cough but clears on its own in 2 weeks.
96
A child presents with a granuloma in his eye, and mother states that he plays with his friends in a playground every day after school.
Toxocara
97
What are the 2 worms that can penetrate the skin and then migrate to cause intestinal illness?
Strongyloides and Hookworm
98
Patient gets a worm from walking around barefoot - the fecal smear shows larvae of the worm but NO eggs. This patient presents with diarrhea.
Strongyloides stercoralis. *Note main difference btwn Strongyloides and Hookworm is that Hookworm shows eggs in the fecal smear, where Strongyloides only shows larvae.
99
What are the 3 nematodes that are transmitted via contaminated food or drink?
Trichanella - contaminated pork; Anisakiasis - contaminated sushi/fish; Guinea Worm (Dracunculus)
100
Subcutaneous infection. History of eating copepods/cyclops
Dracunculus
101
Patient presents with muscle aches (myalgia), fever, upset stomach, diarrhea, and increased IgE and muscle enzymes in blood, and he is a farmer that works with pigs often. What worm is presumed?
Trichinella.
102
Two roundworms contracted by ingestion of raw fish
Anisakis
| Capillaria
103
Which worms are vomitted/coughed up and then ingested again?
Hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides, strongyloides, anisakis
104
What is difference in taking blood samples of Loa Loa and Elephantiasis patients?
Loa Loa produces microfilariae in the blood ONLY during the daytime - so you won't find it at night. At night you will only find the Elephantiasis microfilarae in the blood.
