Nematodes Flashcards
FNAB
Find Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Red Blood Cell stool normal hpf
1-3
Unsegmented bodies covered with cuticle cylindrical tapered at both ends
Nematodes
Have complete digestive tract (oral/ anal openings)
Nematodes
Diecious
Nematodes
Ascaris lumbricoides common name
Giant Intestinal Roundworm
Giant Intestinal Roundworm scientific name
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides disease of poverty
Loaffler’s Syndrome
Habitat of Ascaris lumbricoides
Small intestine
Mode of transmission of Ascaris lumbricoides
Ingestion of embryonated eggs
Infective stage of Ascaris lumbricoides
Embryonated ova
A female may produce approximately 200,000 eggs per day
Ascaris lumbricoides
Fertile eggs embryonate and become infective after 18 days to several weeks
Ascaris lumbricoides
Adult worms can live 1 to 2 years
Ascaris lumbricoides
Broadly oval, Presence of mammilation, and Stained as “golden brown” in fresh stool
Fertilized ova of Ascaris lumbricoides
Outer covering: Albuminoid coat
Fertilized ova of Ascaris lumbricoides
Lecithin granules, Longer and narrower, and Thin inner shell and albuminous coat
Unfertilized ova of Ascaris lumbricoides
FECT
Formalin Ether Concentration Technique
Trichuris trichiura common name
Whipworm
Whipworm scientific name
Trichuris trichiura
Habitat of Trichuris trichiura
Large intestine (ileo-cecal region)
Mode of transmission of Trichuris trichiura
Ingestion of embryonated eggs
Infective stage of Trichuris trichiura
Embryonated ova
Straight posterior end
Adult female of Trichuris trichiura
Coiled tail - 360°
Adult male of Trichuris trichiura
(Barrel/Football shaped, Chinese-Lantern shaped, Lemon shaped) “with refractile bi-polar plugs”
Ova of Trichuris trichiura
Necator americanus common name
New World Hookworm
New World Hookworm scientific name
Necator americanus
Life cycle phase of Necator americanus
Blood-lung phase
Habitat of Necator americanus
Small intestine
Mode of transmission of Necator americanus
Skin penetration of filariform larvae
Infective stage of Necator americanus
Filariform larvae
Dew itch/Ground itch (local irritation at the site of infection)
Necator americanus
type of anemia in Hookworm
Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
Hookworm Disease
Miner’s Disease
Blood loss caused by Hookworm per day
0.03 ml/day
S - shaped
Necator americanus
Life span: 14 years
Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale common name
Old World Hookworm
Old World Hookworm scientific name
Ancylostoma duodenale
Habitat of Ancylostoma duodenale
Small intestine
Mode of transmission of Ancylostoma duodenale
Skin penetration of filariform larvae or Ingestion of contaminated food
Infective stage of Ancylostoma duodenale
Filariform larvae
Blood loss caused by Ancylostoma duodenale per day
0.15 - 0.25 ml/day
C - shaped
Ancylostoma duodenale
Life span: 1 year
Ancylostoma duodenale
Two pairs of cutting teeth
Ancylostoma duodenale
Ancylostoma braziliense common name
Cat Hookworm
Cat Hookworm scientific name
Ancylostoma braziliense
Disease of Ancylostoma braziliense
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Mode of transmission of Ancylostoma braziliense
Skin penetration of filariform larvae
Shortest Lifespan
Ancylostoma braziliense
Infective stage of Ancylostoma braziliense
Third stage larvae
Blood Suckers
Hookworm
Roundworms
Nematodes
Round worms
Nematodes
Ancylostoma caninum common name
Dog Hookworm
Dog Hookworm scientific name
Ancylostoma caninum
Disease of Dog Hookworm
Eosinophilic enteritis
Mode of transmission of Ancylostoma caninum
Skin penetration of filariform larvae
Infective stage of Ancylostoma caninum
Third stage larvae
Longest lifespan
Ancylostoma caninum
6 - 8 cell stages
Ova of Hookworm
Three pairs of teeth
Ancylostoma caninum
Semi luna cutting plate
Necator americanus
Feeding stage of Hookworm
Rhabditiform larvae
One of the smallest nematodes
Capillaria philippinensis
Strongyloides stercoralis common name
Threadworm
Threadworm scientific name
Strongyloides stercoralis
Disease: Skin pruritus (itchy skin), diarrhea with malabsorption
Strongyloides stercoralis
Habitat of Strongyloides stercoralis
Small intestine
Mode of Transmission of Strongyloides stercoralis
Skin penetration of filariform larvae
Infective stage of Strongyloides stercoralis
Filariform larvae
Embryonic development takes place inside the mother’s body
VIVIPAROUS
Lay eggs containing larvae that hatches out immediately
OVO-VIVIPAROUS
Lays eggs
Oviparous
Lacks bulb on the esophagus
Strongyloides stercoralis (Filariform larvae)
Club-shaped esophagus w/ posterior bulb
Strongyloides stercoralis (Rhabditiform larvae)
Harada Mori diagnosis after 5 days
Strongyloides stercoralis
Enterobius vermicularis common name
Pinworm, Seat worm, Community worm
Pinworm, Seat worm, Community worm scientific name
Enterobius vermicularis
Pruritus ani
Perianal itching
Habitat of Enterobius vermicularis
Large Intestine
Mode of Transmission of Enterobius vermicularis
Ingestion of Embryonated egg
Diagnosis for Enterobius vermicularis
Scotch-tape method/technique
D-shaped and flattened on one side
Ova of Enterobius vermicularis
Capillaria philippinensis common name
Pudoc’s Worm
Pudoc’s Worm scientific name
Capillaria philippinensis
Habitat of Capillaria phillipinensis
Small Intestine
Disease of Capillaria phillipinensis
Capillariasis
Mode of Transmission of Pudoc’s Worm
Ingestion of Contaminated fish or Ingestion of raw or undercooked fish
Infective stage of Capillaria phillipinensis
Third stage larvae/L3
Who discovered Capillaria phillipinensis?
Nelia P. Salazar
Clinical symptom of Capillaria phillipinensis
Borborygmus or Gurgling stomach
Flat bi-polar end, striated ova, PEANUT shaped
Ova of Capillaria phillipinensis
Trichinella spiralis common name
Trichina worm
Trichina worm scientific name
Trichinella spiralis
Tissue Nematode
Trichinella spiralis
Disease of Trichinella spiralis
Muscle pains
Habitat of Trichinella spiralis
Muscle
Mode of Transmission of Trichinella spiralis
Ingestion of undercooked pork
Diagnosis of Trichinella spiralis
Muscle biopsy
Periodicity: Diurnal
Morning
Periodicity: Non periodic
Any time of the day
Periodicity: Nocturnal
Night
Periodicity: Sub periodic
sudden increase at night time
Wuchereria bancrofti common name
Bancrofti filarian worm
Bancrofti filarian worm scientific name
Wuchereria bancrofti
Periodicity of Wuchereria bancrofti
Nocturnal
Cephalic space of Wuchereria bancrofti
As long as wide
Kinky curve
Wuchereria bancrofti
Graceful curve
Brugia malayi
No nucleus in tip of tail
Wuchereria bancrofti
Cephalic space of Brugia malayi
Longer than broad
Brugia malayi common name
Malayan worm
Malayan worm scientific name
Brugia malayi
Blood Flukes
Schistosoma
Abnormal accumulation of lymph in tissues
Lymphedema
Resembling the thick, round appearance of an Elephant’s leg
Elephantiasis
Painless swelling of one or both testicles
Hydrocoele
Blood and protein loss in urine
Kidney damage
Mosquito vector
Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi
Loa loa common name
African eye worm
African eye worm scientific name
Loa loa
Mode of transmission of Loa loa
Infective larvae in chrysops bite (mango fly bite)
Vector for Loa loa filariasis
Chrysops silacea and Chrysops dimidiata
Determine the species present
Thin smear
Detecting the presence of parasites
Thick smear
Difference of thin and thick smear
Speed, Angle, Drop-size
Mode of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus
Larvae-infected black fly bite
Disease of Onchocerca volvulus
River Blindness
Diagnosis of Onchocerca volvulus
Microfilaria in blood films
Onchocerca volvulus is occasionally found in?
Peripheral blood, urine, sputum
Onchocerca volvulus especially found in the?
Eyes
Angiostrongylus cantonensis common name
Rat Lungworm
Rat Lungworm scientific name
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Disease of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis
Man served as what host in Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
Accidental Host
Barber’s pole pattern
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Infective stage of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Third stage larvae/ L3
Eosinophils
White blood cells
Mode of transmission of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Drinking of contaminated water
Dracunculus medinensis common name
Guinea worm
Guinea worm scientific name
Dracunculus medinensis
Mode of transmission of Dracunculus medinensis
Ingestion of contaminated larvae
Infective stage of Dracunculus medinensis
Third stage larvae/ L3
Longest nematode
Dracunculus medinensis
Painful ulcerating blister
Dracunculus medinensis
Disease of Dracunculus medinensis
The fiery serpent
Worm is in a joint or wrapped around a vein
Petrification
Skin sloughing off around the worm
Putrefaction
