Nelson - Ch. 379 The Common Cold

Question 1

MC pathogens associated with common cold

Answer 1

Rhinoviruses

Question 2

Less common causes of common cold

Answer 2

1) RSV 2) Human metapneumovirus 3) Parainfluenza 4) Adenovirus

Question 3

Young children have an average of ___ colds per year

Answer 3

6-8

Question 4

T/F The incidence of common colds decreases with age

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Viruses that cause common colds are spread by these 3 mechanisms

Answer 5

1) Direct hand contact 2) Inhalation of small particle aerosols 3) Deposition of large particle aerosols that land on conjunctiva after sneezing

Question 6

Efficient mech of transmission for rsv and rhinovirus

Answer 6

Direct contact

Question 7

Efficient spread of transmission of influenza and coronavirus

Answer 7

Small particle aerosols

Question 8

Why is the immunity from common cold viruses short-lived

Answer 8

1) Mucosal Ig induced by previous infection is short-lived 2) Brief incubation period allows establishment of infection before immune memory responses

Question 9

T/F In common colds, severity of illness is moderated by preexisting immunity

Answer 9

T

Question 10

Viral shedding of most respiratory viruses peaks ___ days after inoculation often coinciding wih symptom onset

Answer 10

3-5 days

Question 11

Aspect of common colds that predisposes to bacterial sinusitis or otitis media

Answer 11

Obstruction of sinus ostia or eustachian tube from inflammation

Question 12

Responsible for most common cold symptoms rather than direct damage to the respiratory tract

Answer 12

Host immune system

Question 13

Symptoms of the common cold vary by age and virus. In infants, ___ and ___ predominate. ___ is uncommon in children and adults.

Answer 13

Fever and nasal discharge; fever

Question 14

The usual cold persists for approx ___, although 10% lasts for 2 weeks

Answer 14

1 week

Question 15

T/F Nasal eosinophils is characteristic of allergic rhinitis

Answer 15

T

Question 16

T/F Nasal neutrophils is characteristic of bacterial superinfection

Answer 16

F

Question 17

Reduces frequency of influenza-associated otitis media

Answer 17

Oseltamivir

Question 18

Viruses most efficiently transmitted via direct contact

Answer 18

1) Rhinoviruses 2) RSV

Question 19

Viruses most efficiently transmitted via small-particle aerosols

Answer 19

1) Influenza viruses 2) Coronaviruses

Question 20

The effect of the antihistamines on rhinorrhea appears to be related to the ___ properties of these drugs

Answer 20

Anticholinergic

Question 21

First symptom of common cold

Answer 21

Sore or scratchy throat

Question 22

Fever, headache or facial pain, or periorbital edema or persistence of rhinorrhea or cough >14 days

Answer 22

Sinusitis

Question 23

Persistent rhinorrhea with onset in the 1st 3 months of life

Answer 23

Congenital syphilis

Question 24

The most important task of the physician caring for a patient with a cold is to

Answer 24

Exclude other conditions that are potentially more serious or treatable

Question 25

A nasal smear for eosinophils may be useful if ___ is suspected

Answer 25

Allergic rhinitis

Question 26

T/F A predominance of PMNs in the nasal secretions is characteristic of bacterial superinfection

Answer 26

F, uncomplicated colds

Question 27

T/F Ribavirin, which is approved for treatment of severe RSV infections, has no role in the treatment of the common cold

Answer 27

T

Question 28

___ reduces the duration but not the severity of symptoms of a common cold if begun within 24 hr of symptoms.

Answer 28

Zinc

Question 29

Rebound effect from discontinuation of topical adrenergic agents used for a prolonged period for rhinitis

Answer 29

Rhinitis medicamentosa

Question 30

Major adverse effects associated with the use of antihistamines

Answer 30

1) Sedation 2) Paradoxical hyperactivity

Question 31

Topical anticholinergic agent that produces an effect comparable to antihistamines but is not associated with sedation

Answer 31

Ipratropium bromide

Question 32

___ has a modest effect on relieving nocturnal cough and unlikely to be harmful in children older than 1 yr of age

Answer 32

Honey

Question 33

Honey should be avoided in children younger than 1 yr of age because

Answer 33

Risk of botulism

Question 34

T/F Vitamin C, guaifenesin, and inhalation of warm, humidified air are no more effective than placebo for the treatment of cold symptoms

Answer 34

T

Question 35

T/F There is no evidence that the common cold or persistent acute purulent rhinitis of less than 10 days in duration benefits from antibiotics.

Answer 35

T

Question 36

MC complication of a cold

Answer 36

Acute otitis media