Neisseria Gram negative cocci (dicocci )

Question 1

Neisseria Meningitis

human parasites
diplococci

Answer 1

Epidemiology

• They cause a wide range of invasive meningococcal disease
• They colonize the human nasopharynx
• Transmission is via contact
• It is airborne
• Acquisition can lead to a carrier status or invasive disease

Virulence factor

• Capsule protects the pathogen from phagocytosis , opsonization
• lipo-oligosaccharide is a key mediator for the fulfillment of sepsis and meningitis

Pathogenesis

• environmental factors for carriage and disease such as overcrowding , respiratory infection, and damage to the upper respiratory tract
• Peaks during winter months due to humidity and dust
• Neonates and army recruits are at high risk

Clinical

• Bacereraemia
• Meningitis
• Meningoccoccaemia
• Pneumonia
• UERTHRITIS
• Epiglottitis

Treatment
Penicillin

Question 2

Neisseria

Answer 2

Transmission

• Sexually
• Requires human to human transmission

Metabolism

• Gram neg cocci
• Anaerobic
• ferments glucose

Virulence

• Has no capsule
• Endotoxins ( Lipopolysaccharide )

Clinical

• Cervical gonorrhea which can progress to pelvic inflammatory disease
• In males, urethral discharge
• Pharyngitis
• conjunctivitis especially in babies