NEET PG- Introduction

Question 1

What increases food intake?

Answer 1

Ghrelin

Question 2

What decreases food intake?

Answer 2

1) Cholecystokinin
2) Glucagon like peptide
3) Amylin
4) Somatostatin

Question 3

Gardner Syndrome
Familial adenomatous polyposis

Answer 3

1) AD
2) APC gene defect
3) Epidermoid Cyst
Lipoma
Desmoid
Dental abnormalities

Question 4

Findings of Gardener syndrome

Answer 4

1) Adenomatous polyps
2) Congenital hypertrophy of retinal epithelium
3)Colon, thyroid, ampulla of vater, medulloblastoma, hepatoblastoma

Question 5

Muir Torre Syndrome
Lynch syndrome

Answer 5

1) Sebaceous adenomas/ keratoacanthoma
2) Lynch Variant
3) Colon+ Stomach+ Endometrium+ Ovary
4) MLH1/2/6
PMS2

Question 6

Puetz Jeghers Syndrome

Answer 6

1) AD
2) Mucocutaneous macules
3)Hamartomatous polyps
4) STK11

Question 7

Cowden Syndrome
Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome

Answer 7

1) AD
2) Trichilemmomas
3) Facial papules
Actual keratosis
Penile lentinges
4) PTEN mutation

Question 8

Peptides stimulating Insulin release

Answer 8

1) GLP
2) CCK
3) Gastrin
4) VIP
5) Motilin

Question 9

Peptides delaying gastric emptying

Answer 9

1) CCK
2) Amylin
3) Secretin

Question 10

Peptide which inhibits glucagon release

Answer 10

Amylin

Question 11

Angle between puborectalis and anorectum

Answer 11

80-110
During defecation it straightens by 15 degrees

Question 12

Whipple’s disease

Answer 12

• Diarrhoea ,Steatorrhea, weight loss, migratory joint pain
• Dementia Late
• SI mucosal injury plus lymphatic Obs
• PAS positive macrophages
• Ceft/Mero for 2 weeks TMP-SMX for 1 year

Question 13

Liver and coagulation factors

Answer 13

2,7,9,10 VIT K dependent clotting factors

Question 14

Diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease

Answer 14

Deep Rectal Biopsies
(Hirschsprung/ Amyloid)

Question 15

Indications for Upper GI endoscopy

Answer 15

Dyspepsia
Upper GI bleed
Refractory vomiting
Malabsorption
Polypectomy
Dysphasia
Gastrostomy

Question 16

Indications of Colonoscopy

Answer 16

Cancer
Lower GI bleed
Anemia
Diarrhoea
Polypectomy
Obstruction

Question 17

Indications of ERCP

Answer 17

Jaundice
Posbiliary Sx
Cholangitis
Gallstone pancreatitis
Any pancreatic issue
Sphincter of Oddi manometry

Question 18

Endoscopic EUS

Answer 18

Staging of Malignancy
Bile duct stones
Chronic pancreatitis
Drain pseudocyst

Question 19

Capsule endoscopy

Answer 19

Obscure GI bleed
Crohn’s disease of small intestine

Question 20

Double balloon endoscopy

Answer 20

Ablation of bleeding sources
Biopsy of suspicious mass

Question 21

Warfarin and Endoscopic procedures

Answer 21

Low risk- Continue
High risk- stop 3-7 days before, bridging therapy with heparin

Question 22

Dabigatran and Endoscopic procedures

Answer 22

Low- can withhold morning dose
High- Stop based on GFR, 2-3/3-4 days

Question 23

Rivaroxaban, Apixaban and endoscopic procedures

Answer 23

Low risk- withhold morning dose
High risk- 2-3 days based on GFR

Question 24

Heparin and endoscopic procedures

Answer 24

Low- Continue
High- 4-6 hours before UFH

Question 25

Aspirin and endoscopy

Answer 25

Can continue no risk

Question 26

Aspirin with dipyridamole

Answer 26

High risk- stop 2-7 days before

Question 27

Clopidpgrel, Prasugrel

Answer 27

High risk-
stop 5 days (clopitab)
7 days (prasugrel)
10-14 days (ticlopidine)

Question 28

Low risk and high risk endoscopic procedures

Answer 28

Low risk- no biopsy, EUS without FNA, ERCP with stent exchange
High risk- with dilation, Polypectomy, ablation, with FNA, ERCP with sphincterectomy/ drainage

Question 29

Dieulafoy’s Lesion

Answer 29

Persistent Caliber Artery
Beneath mucosa
Lesser curvature of Prox stomach
Thermal coagulation, band ligation
Angiographic embolisation