NEET PG- Introduction Flashcards
What increases food intake?
Ghrelin
What decreases food intake?
1) Cholecystokinin
2) Glucagon like peptide
3) Amylin
4) Somatostatin
Gardner Syndrome
Familial adenomatous polyposis
1) AD
2) APC gene defect
3) Epidermoid Cyst
Lipoma
Desmoid
Dental abnormalities
Findings of Gardener syndrome
1) Adenomatous polyps
2) Congenital hypertrophy of retinal epithelium
3)Colon, thyroid, ampulla of vater, medulloblastoma, hepatoblastoma
Muir Torre Syndrome
Lynch syndrome
1) Sebaceous adenomas/ keratoacanthoma
2) Lynch Variant
3) Colon+ Stomach+ Endometrium+ Ovary
4) MLH1/2/6
PMS2
Puetz Jeghers Syndrome
1) AD
2) Mucocutaneous macules
3)Hamartomatous polyps
4) STK11
Cowden Syndrome
Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome
1) AD
2) Trichilemmomas
3) Facial papules
Actual keratosis
Penile lentinges
4) PTEN mutation
Peptides stimulating Insulin release
1) GLP
2) CCK
3) Gastrin
4) VIP
5) Motilin
Peptides delaying gastric emptying
1) CCK
2) Amylin
3) Secretin
Peptide which inhibits glucagon release
Amylin
Angle between puborectalis and anorectum
80-110
During defecation it straightens by 15 degrees
Whipple’s disease
- Diarrhoea ,Steatorrhea, weight loss, migratory joint pain
- Dementia Late
- SI mucosal injury plus lymphatic Obs
- PAS positive macrophages
- Ceft/Mero for 2 weeks TMP-SMX for 1 year
Liver and coagulation factors
2,7,9,10 VIT K dependent clotting factors
Diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease
Deep Rectal Biopsies
(Hirschsprung/ Amyloid)
Indications for Upper GI endoscopy
Dyspepsia
Upper GI bleed
Refractory vomiting
Malabsorption
Polypectomy
Dysphasia
Gastrostomy
Indications of Colonoscopy
Cancer
Lower GI bleed
Anemia
Diarrhoea
Polypectomy
Obstruction
Indications of ERCP
Jaundice
Posbiliary Sx
Cholangitis
Gallstone pancreatitis
Any pancreatic issue
Sphincter of Oddi manometry
Endoscopic EUS
Staging of Malignancy
Bile duct stones
Chronic pancreatitis
Drain pseudocyst
Capsule endoscopy
Obscure GI bleed
Crohn’s disease of small intestine
Double balloon endoscopy
Ablation of bleeding sources
Biopsy of suspicious mass
Warfarin and Endoscopic procedures
Low risk- Continue
High risk- stop 3-7 days before, bridging therapy with heparin
Dabigatran and Endoscopic procedures
Low- can withhold morning dose
High- Stop based on GFR, 2-3/3-4 days
Rivaroxaban, Apixaban and endoscopic procedures
Low risk- withhold morning dose
High risk- 2-3 days based on GFR
Heparin and endoscopic procedures
Low- Continue
High- 4-6 hours before UFH
Aspirin and endoscopy
Can continue no risk
Aspirin with dipyridamole
High risk- stop 2-7 days before
Clopidpgrel, Prasugrel
High risk-
stop 5 days (clopitab)
7 days (prasugrel)
10-14 days (ticlopidine)
Low risk and high risk endoscopic procedures
Low risk- no biopsy, EUS without FNA, ERCP with stent exchange
High risk- with dilation, Polypectomy, ablation, with FNA, ERCP with sphincterectomy/ drainage
Dieulafoy’s Lesion
Persistent Caliber Artery
Beneath mucosa
Lesser curvature of Prox stomach
Thermal coagulation, band ligation
Angiographic embolisation
