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CHES EXAM > Needs Assessment > Flashcards

Needs Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of a needs assessment?

A

To gather information in order to determine what health education activities may be most appropriate given the needs and setting.

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2
Q

What is a capacity assessment?

A

It measures actual or potential resources that can aid in the maintenance and enhancement of health education programs.

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3
Q

What kind of data is in a needs assessment?

A

Qualitative and Quantitative

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4
Q

What are the steps to conducting a needs assessment?

A
  1. Determine the purpose of the needs assessment.
  2. Identify available data to assess the health problems.
  3. Decide on the data collection approach and gather data.
  4. Analyze and interpret the data.
  5. Identify factors linked to the health problem(s).
  6. Identify the focus of the program and begin the planning process.
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5
Q

What are the three factors identified in the needs assessment?

A

Predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors.

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6
Q

Name some models to help guide in the needs assessment presses.

A

Epidemiological model, Public health model, Mobilizing for Action through Planning Partnership (MAPP), Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH), Social Model, Asset model, Precede-Proceed Model, Rapid Model, Asset Based Community Development (ABCD), Rapid Assessment Response Evaluation (RARE)

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7
Q

Name the three sources of data with examples.

A

Primary ( original new data) secondary ( Federal, state, local health dept, hospital, medical journals), tertiary (fact sheets, encyclopedias, pamphlets)

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8
Q

Name types of Qualitative primary data collection methods

A

Focus group, key informant interviews, nominal group process, Delphi panel process

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9
Q

What is the type of quantitate primary data collection

A

Survey research

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10
Q

What are the types of observational survey designs?

A

Cross-sectional (one-time, present or recall of past), case-control ( matches an intervention participant with a control participant), longitudinal (prospective, and includes present and future data)

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11
Q

What is validity and reliability?

A

Validity- degree in which the instrument measures what it intends to measure.
Reliability- the degree in which the instrument yields the same results.

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12
Q

What are the steps to analyzing data?

A
  1. Administer the survey
  2. Prepare data: code questions and answers.
  3. Verify data: test for accuracy or coding errors.
  4. Enter the data.
  5. tabulate the data
  6. Analyze the data
  7. Record and report the data, include hypothesis, objectives, survey steps, and reliability of results.
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13
Q

What is rate, mean, and median?

A

Rate- measures, measures’ quantity over the same time period.
Mean- average of a set of values.
Median- the middle distribution of a set of values.

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14
Q

What are the steps to interpreting data?

A
  1. analyze the data
  2. Compare with local, state, or national data.
  3. Consider social, cultural, and political environment.
  4. Set priorities: assess size and scope of the problem, determine affective as of possible interventions, determine appropriateness, economics, acceptability, resources, legality of interventions.
  5. Specific implementation of plans
    Generate program evaluation plans
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15
Q

What is Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention?

A

Primary- prevention or delaying of illness or injury.
Secondary- Diagnosis of an illness or injury or early/encourage early treatment.
Tertiary- Providing treatment and recovery from an illness or injury

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16
Q

What is a social determinant of health?

A

It is a condition in the environment in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age, that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks.

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17
Q

Name some potential barriers to health education

A

Health literacy, lack of interest, lack of funds, lack of leadership, unsupportive environment, transportation, lack of time, weak partnerships.

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18
Q

Name some potential facilitators of health education

A

Strong partnerships, sustaining structure, adaptability to needs, good communication, funds and resources, low response burden, evidence that health education/program works

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19
Q

After your needs assessment is completed and analyzed, should you complete a “check back” with the community?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What is theory?

A

A set of constructs, definitions and statements that present a systematic view of events or situations with the sole purpose of explaining and predicting the events or situations.

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21
Q

What is a model?

A

A system that draws upon several theories to better under a stand a health problem in a specific setting.

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22
Q

What are the five phases of the precede model?

A
  1. Social diagnosis
  2. Epidemiological diagnosis
  3. Behavioral and environmental diagnosis.
  4. Education and organizational diagnosis.
  5. Administrative and policy diagnosis.
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23
Q

What are the four phases of the proceed model?

A
  1. Implementation
  2. Process evaluation
  3. Impact evaluation
  4. Outcome Evaluation
24
Q

What is a predisposing factor?

A

Knowledge, attitude, beliefs, and values

25
Q

What is an enabling factor?

A

Influences that enable an individual to act on a specific behavior

26
Q

What is a reinforcing behavior?

A

Influence that encourages repeated behaviors, such as social supports, praise or symptom relief.

27
Q

Name four program planning models

A

Strategy, Interventions, Programs, Logic Models.

28
Q

What does SMART objectives stand for?

A

S-Specific
M-Measurable
A-Attainable
R-Realistic
T-Time Sensitive

29
Q

What are process and outcome objectives?

A

Process- are used to monitor program implementation and provide data on target audience and intended activities.
Outcome- used to monitor desired results of the program and effect of the program on the specific health problem.

30
Q

What id the difference between a vision statement and a mission statement?

A

Vision- aspirations of the program.
Mission- outcomes of the program and what it is trying to achieve and key goals.

31
Q

Name some instructional strategies for adult learners

A

Lectures
Discussions
Role-playing
Brainstorming
Reflective writing
Group problem solving
Ice breakers
Quizzes
Games
Simulations
Tabletops
Case studies

32
Q

What are the three domains of learning?

A

Cognitive: mental skills/ knowledge
Psychomotor: manual, physical skills
Affective: growth in feelings or emotional

33
Q

What are the five phases of implementation of a program?

A
  1. Adopting the program
  2. Identify and prioritize the tasks
  3. establish a management system
  4. Enact the plan
  5. End or sustain the program
34
Q

What are some individual intervention strategies?

A

Trainings
Coaching sessions
Counseling sessions
Personalized communications
Interpersonal communication
Medical intervention

35
Q

What are some group level intervention strategies?

A

Classes
Neighborhood environmental interventions (playground, parks)
Church/school/civic organization trainings

36
Q

What are some mass level intervention strategies?

A

Mass communication(tv, social media, radio, websites, podcasts, brochures, leaflets)
Policy interventions
Announcements and public events

37
Q

What are the core constructs of the Health Belief Model?

A

Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits
Perceived barriers
Cues to action
Self-efficacy

38
Q

Integrated Behavioral Model has what six basic constructs?

A

Behavioral beliefs
Evaluations of behavioral outcomes
Normative beliefs
Motivation to comply
Control beliefs
Perceived power

39
Q

Name the five stages of the Transtheoretical Model

A

Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance

40
Q

Explain the Extended Parallel Processing Model

A

A model to explain how fear may influence a persons decision- making process. Has four constructs
1. Self efficacy
2. Response efficacy
3. Susceptibility
4. Severity
Based on the four construct, it predicts one of three possible outcomes,
1. Danger control
2. Fear control
3. No response

41
Q

What are some constructs from the Social Cognitive Theory?

A

Self efficacy
Behavioral capability
Expectations
Expectancies
Self-control
Emotional coping responses

42
Q

Diffusion of Innovation Theory explains what?

A

How products and ideas, social norms or practices are perceived as “new” and spread throughout a population. Peoples adoption behavior is categorized as
Innovators
Early adaptors
Early majority
Late majority
Laggards

43
Q

What are the types of evaluation?

A

Formative evaluation- uses the data from the panning and implementation.
Process evaluation- monitor and describe the steps necessary for the program implementation.
Summation evaluation- how well the measures or judgements from the outcomes can be used to summarize and make conclusions about the program.
Impact evaluation- identifying the immediate or short-term effects of a program.
Outcome evaluation- measuring overall outcomes and impacts of a program.

44
Q

Describe the CDCs six step framework for program evaluation

A

Required for CDC funded programs.
Engage stakeholders
Describing the program
Focusing on evaluation design
Gathering credible evidence
Justifying conclusion
Using and sharing lessons learned

45
Q

What elements may you find in a logic model?

A

Inputs/resources
Activities
Outputs
Outcomes
Indicators

46
Q

What does a logic model do?

A

It links program inputs and activities to program products and outcomes while communicating the logic theory behind the program rationale for existing.

47
Q

What is Quantitative research?

A

Research based on testing a hypothesis based on the concepts within a theory.

48
Q

What is Qualitative research?

A

Research that seeks to understand a social phenomena through exploration and interpretation of the meanings that people attach to their experiences of the social world.

49
Q

What is internal validity?

A

Refers to research measurement reflecting the true intended concepts or even an intervention is delivered in the way it was designed.

50
Q

What is external validity?

A

Represents findings being generalizeble to other groups, settings, or concepts

51
Q

What are the types of study design?

A

Descriptive studies- aim to identify the qualities or distribution of variables.
Analytic studies- focus on examine associations among variables and often based on testing a hypothesis about relationships among the variables.
Experimental studies- differ from observational in that the investigator has direct control over the dependent variable and have some type of intervention and control.
Quasi-experimental design- includes control trials without randomization.
Qualitative studies- can include qualitative description, ethnography, critical theory.

52
Q

What are the types of data?

A

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Qualitative

53
Q

What are some types of literature that may be found in al iterative review?

A

Theoretical Literature
Empirical Literature
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Systematic Literature
Meta-Analysis

54
Q

What are the six steps for strategic planning?

A
  1. Prepare- establish the purpose, planning group, and identify the needed data.
  2. Assess- Analyze internal and external environment by conducting SWOT analysis.
  3. Create- a 5 year plan and evaluation process.
  4. Communicate- share the plan with key stakeholders.
  5. Implement
  6. Evaluate
55
Q

What does SWOT stand for?

A

Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats

56
Q

Describe Hill’s Criteria for Causation

A

A set of nine criteria which provide evidence of causation from an epidemiological perspective.
Strength
Consistency
Specificity
Temporality
Biological gradient
Plausibility
Coherence
Experiment
Analogy

CHES EXAM (1 decks)

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