Needles/Syringes and Preventing the Spread of disease Flashcards
Parenteral
Parenteral: Par (not), enter (intestines), al (pertaining to)
- The first place the drug goes is not into the digestive system
Parenteral Routes
Subcutaneous: SC, SQ = Under the skin.
Intranasal: IN = Into the nose.
Intramuscular: IM = Into the muscle.
Intravenous: IV = Into the vein.
Intraperitoneal: IP = Into the abdomen.
Parenteral Medications - Injectable’s
Single use vials:
Vaccines- draw up entire amount and give to patient.
Multi use vials:
Anesthesia drugs- draw up specific amount.
Ampules:
Glass vials that you use fingers to snap the top off.
Single use:
Large volume bags
IV fluids
Needle Parts
Hub: connects to the tip.
Shaft: remains sterile
Bevel: point that penetrates the skin.
- Bevel remains up, slide the pointy part in first.
Lumen: hole between the bevels.
- Where the medication is.
Syringe Tips
Luer Lock: locking mechanism on the end of the syringe.
- Concentric
Luer slip: no lock, the barrel of the needle is too narrow (1ml)
- Concentric (tip in middle)
Eccentric: tip is offset, large volumes of medications.
Catheter
Syringe Selection
based on the volume of fluid to be injected.
Needles - How they are described
Gauge:
how thick the needle is.
As the number increases, the size of the needles decreases.
18 g is bigger than 24 g
Length:
Described in inches.
Anywhere from 5/8” to 1.5” is common.
Nosocomial Infections
Infections contracted by patient while they are IN the hospital.
- Hospital acquired infections.
Community Acquired Infections
Infections contracted by the patient OUTSIDE of the hospital.
- easier to treat than Nosocomial as they are less resistant to antibiotics.
- Staying in a hospital may worsen the severity of CAI
Iatrogenic Infections or Injuries
Caused by the physician or treatment.
- side effect of treatment or procedures designed to help
- ex: incision during ovariohysterectomy
Fomite
Any inanimate object that may transmit disease from one patient to another.
Vector
Living organism that can transmit a disease.
- Ticks transmit Lyme disease
Direct Spread
Direct contact between patients or their body secretions.
- direct contact
- aerosolized droplets
- fecal or oral
Indirect Spread
Transmission of disease through fomites or vectors.
Disease Resistance
Natural resistance is based on health and immune status
Support resistance: nutrition, appropriate temperature and humidity
Incubation Period
The time between contracting a disease and developing outward signs.
- risk of transmission is high
Asymptomatic Carriers
Patients carrying a disease with no outward signs of illness.
They can still transmit disease.
Carrier
Patients who have recovered from clinical signs of illness but still shed infectious organisms.
Screening
- Medical history taking
- Physical assessment
- Diagnostic tests- fecal, blood test.
Segregation/ Isolation
Patients with undetermined health status or known transmissible diseases are held in quarantine.
Warning Signs of Disease
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Lethargy
Sneezing
Coughing
Detergents
“soap” products that remove organic debris during the cleaning process.
Organic debris: hair, feces, urine, skin cells, general “dirt”.
Products are accompanied by scrubbing.
Disinfectants
Chemical products used to reduce the number of pathogens on a surface.
Cleaning must occur first, does not work in presence of organic debris.
Required contact time with surface.
Detergent and Disinfectants combined
use the product first to clean organic debris, reapply and leave for contact time.
Antiseptics
Chemical products applied to living tissues to prevent microbial infections.
Incorrect dilutions can result in ineffectiveness or toxic changes to the environment.
Ovyvir
Detergent/Disinfectant
- Oxidizing agents
- OR floor + all surfaces
PERDiem
Detergent/Disinfectant
- Oxidizing agents
- floors
Chlorhexidine
Antiseptic
Used to scrub in for surgery and for patient prep prior to surgical procedures.
