Needles/Syringes and Preventing the Spread of disease

Question 1

Parenteral

Answer 1

Parenteral: Par (not), enter (intestines), al (pertaining to)
- The first place the drug goes is not into the digestive system

Question 2

Parenteral Routes

Answer 2

Subcutaneous: SC, SQ = Under the skin.
Intranasal: IN = Into the nose.
Intramuscular: IM = Into the muscle.
Intravenous: IV = Into the vein.
Intraperitoneal: IP = Into the abdomen.

Question 3

Parenteral Medications - Injectable’s

Answer 3

Single use vials:
Vaccines- draw up entire amount and give to patient.
Multi use vials:
Anesthesia drugs- draw up specific amount.
Ampules:
Glass vials that you use fingers to snap the top off.
Single use:
Large volume bags
IV fluids

Question 4

Needle Parts

Answer 4

Hub: connects to the tip.
Shaft: remains sterile
Bevel: point that penetrates the skin.
- Bevel remains up, slide the pointy part in first.
Lumen: hole between the bevels.
- Where the medication is.

Question 5

Syringe Tips

Answer 5

Luer Lock: locking mechanism on the end of the syringe.
- Concentric
Luer slip: no lock, the barrel of the needle is too narrow (1ml)
- Concentric (tip in middle)
Eccentric: tip is offset, large volumes of medications.
Catheter

Question 6

Syringe Selection

Answer 6

based on the volume of fluid to be injected.

Question 7

Needles - How they are described

Answer 7

Gauge:
how thick the needle is.
As the number increases, the size of the needles decreases.
18 g is bigger than 24 g
Length:
Described in inches.
Anywhere from 5/8” to 1.5” is common.

Question 8

Nosocomial Infections

Answer 8

Infections contracted by patient while they are IN the hospital.
- Hospital acquired infections.

Question 9

Community Acquired Infections

Answer 9

Infections contracted by the patient OUTSIDE of the hospital.
- easier to treat than Nosocomial as they are less resistant to antibiotics.
- Staying in a hospital may worsen the severity of CAI

Question 10

Iatrogenic Infections or Injuries

Answer 10

Caused by the physician or treatment.
- side effect of treatment or procedures designed to help
- ex: incision during ovariohysterectomy

Question 11

Fomite

Answer 11

Any inanimate object that may transmit disease from one patient to another.

Question 12

Vector

Answer 12

Living organism that can transmit a disease.
- Ticks transmit Lyme disease

Question 13

Direct Spread

Answer 13

Direct contact between patients or their body secretions.
- direct contact
- aerosolized droplets
- fecal or oral

Question 14

Indirect Spread

Answer 14

Transmission of disease through fomites or vectors.

Question 15

Disease Resistance

Answer 15

Natural resistance is based on health and immune status
Support resistance: nutrition, appropriate temperature and humidity

Question 16

Incubation Period

Answer 16

The time between contracting a disease and developing outward signs.
- risk of transmission is high

Question 17

Asymptomatic Carriers

Answer 17

Patients carrying a disease with no outward signs of illness.
They can still transmit disease.

Question 18

Carrier

Answer 18

Patients who have recovered from clinical signs of illness but still shed infectious organisms.

Question 19

Screening

Answer 19

• Medical history taking
• Physical assessment
• Diagnostic tests- fecal, blood test.

Question 20

Segregation/ Isolation

Answer 20

Patients with undetermined health status or known transmissible diseases are held in quarantine.

Question 21

Warning Signs of Disease

Answer 21

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Lethargy
Sneezing
Coughing

Question 22

Detergents

Answer 22

“soap” products that remove organic debris during the cleaning process.
Organic debris: hair, feces, urine, skin cells, general “dirt”.
Products are accompanied by scrubbing.

Question 23

Disinfectants

Answer 23

Chemical products used to reduce the number of pathogens on a surface.
Cleaning must occur first, does not work in presence of organic debris.
Required contact time with surface.

Question 24

Detergent and Disinfectants combined

Answer 24

use the product first to clean organic debris, reapply and leave for contact time.

Question 25

Antiseptics

Answer 25

Chemical products applied to living tissues to prevent microbial infections.
Incorrect dilutions can result in ineffectiveness or toxic changes to the environment.

Question 26

Ovyvir

Answer 26

Detergent/Disinfectant
- Oxidizing agents
- OR floor + all surfaces

Question 27

PERDiem

Answer 27

Detergent/Disinfectant
- Oxidizing agents
- floors

Question 28

Chlorhexidine

Answer 28

Antiseptic
Used to scrub in for surgery and for patient prep prior to surgical procedures.