Need to knows Flashcards
Input devices:
Scanner, digital camera
Digital publishing advantages:
Easier to edit
Can send to client for approval
Can email instantly
Quicker to apply finishes
Can reach a wider audience
Easier to share the website
Website can be accessed
anywhere
Immediate updates to content can be made
Animated effects, hyperlinks and
videos can be embedded
Social Media links can be added
Portrays the company as being
modern
Websites can contain more
information
Digital publishing benefits to environment:
No oil based ink
No paper
Reduces carbon footprint since no transport is needed
Paper/printed copy advantages:
Low cost
Can be produced on site
Not prone to viruses/data theft
Freehand drawings are a quick way of generating a range of ideas
Ways to benefit environment when printing:
Use recyclable material
Use less material (paper/cardboard)
What are the two types of fonts?
Sans serif
Serif
Sans serif typeface qualities:
Easier to read
Modern
Simple
Younger target market
Serif typeface qualities:
Fancy
Elegant
Older
Appeals to older target market
Design elements and principles:
Alignment
Unity
Dominance
Contrast
Depth
Use of alignment and types:
Alignment structures a page.
Types: horizontal, left, right, centre alignment
Use of unity and examples:
Unity links a page together.
Types: Repetition of fonts, colours, shapes, text size. Text wrap and line behind aspects on a page.
Use of dominance and examples:
Dominance is used to draw your eye to an aspect of a page and is often the first thing you look at.
Types: largest item on page, most contrasting aspect of page, most intricate aspect
Use of contrast and types:
Contrast is used to make aspects of a page stand out and makes the page more eye-catching.
Types: contrasting scale, fonts, text sizes, shapes, colours
DTP features:
Column
Margin
Gutter
Caption
Header
Running headline
Heading
Title
Footer
Folio
Column rule/rule
Indent
Hanging indent
Line spacing
Pull quote
Justification
Drop cap
DTP edits:
Crop (square and full crop)
Rotate
Text box
Handles
Text wrap
Flow text along a path
Colour fill
Colour picking
Textured fills
Gradient fill
Transparency
Drop shadow
Serif, sans serif and script fonts
Reverse
2D CAD commands:
Trim, elipse, arc, line, fillet, chamfer etc.
3D CAD commands (mentioned in modelling plans):
Extrude
Subtract
Shell
Linear array
Box array
Workplane
Revolve
Radial array (draw + extrude shape first then copy face and use radial array around centre axis- state how many times wanted)
Constraints:
Mate (constrain)
Align (flush)
Centre axis (insert)
Types of views:
Detailed, exploded, assembled, sectional
Isometric, oblique, planometric, one and two point perspective
Use of detailed views:
An enlarged view to show intricate details.
Use of exploded isometric views:
To see how components/parts assemble together and which order
Clear view of each component
Easier to understand by a wider audience (non-technical
person)
Use of assembled views:
To see assembled product with components in correct position, to make sure parts fit together properly
Use of sectional views:
To see interior details.
What does ⬆️ mean in a scaled drawing?
Shows you where North is.
How to calculate dimensions from scaled drawings:
Measure length with ruler then divide/multiply to get into needed units.
Multiply/divide to meet scale.
(1:50 = multiply measurements by 50)
(2:1 = divide measurements by 2)
Advantages of a CAD library:
Same components can be used repeatedly
No need to redraw/remodel repeated components
Less chance of errors
Speeds up production
Standardisation of components
What to say on a design elements + principles if unsure?
Creates visual impact
How to reduce the environmental impact of manufacturing packaging:
Reduce the gauge/thickness of card
Reduce spacing between cards to reduce the amount of waste
Reduce excess/unnecessary material
Use sustainable inks
Use recycled card/paper
Use recyclable card/paper
What are the 3 Ps?
Preliminary, production, promotional
Purpose of preliminary sketches:
To explore ideas
To plan for 3D modelling
To show to the client
Should be quick to produce
To aid the development of ideas
Purpose of production drawings:
To create CAD components and assembly drawings which can be shared with a manufacturer to show the dimensions of a component or product.
Purpose of promotional layouts:
Used to promote the product, company, service
Provide potential customers with an idea of what the finished construction project will look like
They can appear ‘less technical’ than production drawings
They tend to be more easily understood than production drawings
Types of views:
Oblique (front face shows, lines go back 45 degrees)
Isometric (corner/edge shows, lines go back 30 degrees)
Planometric (corner/edge shows and makes a right angle, one line goes back 30 degrees and the other goes back 60 degrees)
One point perspective (front face shows and lines meet at a vanishing point)
Two point perspective (corner/edge shows and lines go back to two separate vanishing points)
When referring to an exploded view, what must you state?
The view type
Exploded isometric view
Advantage to users of not having text in an instruction manual:
Universal understanding
Simpler to follow
Layout becomes less cluttered
Allows images to be enlarged
Advantage to manufacturer of not having text in an instruction manual:
No need for different versions in alternative languages
Speeds up production of the instruction manual
How to make a shade of a colour:
Add black or grey
How to make a tint of a colour:
Add white
Primary colours:
Red, blue, yellow
What are secondary colours?
A mix of two primary colours
What are tertiary colours?
A mix of a primary and secondary colour
Why are primary colours suitable for use in a school setting?
Suitable for children
What is the name of the technique used to give a greyscale model the
appearance of wood, concrete, etc.?
Material or texture
Balance types:
Asymmetrical balance - easier to read things on other side of page, makes more room for text, creates an asymmetric focal point
Symmetrical balance- creates a central focal point, eye catching
Benefits of using 3D CAD models for manufacturing:
Can test how the 3D model looks with different materials.
Complex forms can be achieved in 3D CAD/CADCAM.
Changes to the 3D model can be made easily/quickly.
Easy to re-make if issues identified. (Easier to modify)
Can be used with a variety of CAM processes.
Can test/simulate the model.
Helps to ensure accuracy of
dimensions.
Can check if components assemble accurately.
Orthographic drawings can be
generated from a 3D CAD model.
Can be electronically shared.
Can be used for illustrative purposes.
Speed of production.
Ways a designer could improve final renders if they were dark, pixelated or poor quality:
Increase render settings
Higher resolution render
Improve lighting/shadows
Larger image output when
rendering
File type choice
Edit the material texture
What can line create?
Boundaries
Types of charts/graphs:
Table- Variety of different types of information to be conveyed
Line graph- Shows a trend/change over a period of time, compares two sets of data, shows the steady growth over a specific period of time
Bar chart- a comparison between a y value in an individual time period can be shown
Pie chart- Shows percentages, proportions of a whole, numbers add up to a whole, illustrates and compares percentages, each segment is proportional to the quantity it represents, a segment has a dedicated colour to differentiate it from other segments
Advantages of cropping an image:
Improved integration of text and graphics.
Allows image to be placed into alternative contexts.
Can declutter the image making it more of a focal point.
Advantages to a designer of having their portfolio published online rather than being printed:
Reach wider audience.
Reduction in cost as no paper/ink costs apply.
Ease of editing.
Ease of sharing/sharing updates.
Easy to access anywhere.
Instant communication with wider audience.
Advantages of Cloud/Online
storage to back up.
Advantages to a designer of using DTP software to produce a layout:
Ease of integration of graphics and images.
Can be easily manipulated to create eye catching designs.
Can create documents that have varied layouts (more than a word processing package).
Layer function can be used to overlap elements.
Ease of editing.
Variety of fonts are available to
try.
Grid/guide tools can be used to
enable accurate alignment of
elements.
Speed of production.
Wide range of colour schemes
available.
Access to a wide range of
additional media.
Layout would be more accurate.
Why would a designer use icons?
Simple to view and identify.
Speed of communication.
No language barrier.
Increased visual interest.
Reasons why a 3D CAD illustration would be useful in the promotion a product:
This type of graphic is easily
understood by non-technical
people.
Provides a realistic representation of the product.
Perspective view provides
realism.
Shows materials.
Shows colours.
Shows the product fully
assembled.
Advantages of exploded isometric views:
Clear to see outlines of parts.
Uncluttered by materials and
colours.
No requirement to print in colour.
Dashed trails indicate assembly
method.
Elevation view further clarifies.
Shows how parts fit together.
Labels indicating parts to aid
clarity.
Disadvantages of exploded isometric views:
A technical style of graphic that some audiences may struggle to interpret.
Tangent edges are shown and may confuse audience.
Only a partial exploded view.
Overlapping components.
Advantages of 3D CAD illustrations:
Realistic.
Clear view.
Easily understood by a wide
audience.
Can see materials/colours of
product.
Perspective view adds to realism.
Shows how parts fit together.
Labels indicating parts adding
clarity.
Disadvantages of 3D CAD illustrations:
High print cost due to requirement to colour print.
Shadows can obscure some visibility.
Only a partial exploded view.
Overlapping components.
Purpose of third angle projection symbol:
To show the way the views are projected/laid out.
To show projection type used.
Orientation/layout of views.
Pieces of information that should be included in a title block:
Scale.
Date.
Product name.
Drawing/Page number.
Drawn by.
Tolerances.
Unit of measurement.
Materials.
Company brand.
Drawing type.
Warm colours are… and cold colours are…
Advancing, receding
In terms of environmental impact, why is it important to carefully consider the layout of multiple parts?
To reduce material waste.
Why can a 2D CAD line drawing be produced more quickly than a 3D CAD model?
No depth to produce
No multiple components to assemble
Fewer steps required
Benefits of a 3D CAD model over a 2D CAD drawing:
Model can be manipulated to be viewed 360 degrees
More realistic
Depth is visible
Imported into an environment
Lighting effects can be applied to 3D models
Can enable CAD/CAM
Simulation and animation
Use of a chain thin line:
Centre lines
Use of a continuous thick line:
Visible edges and outlines
Use of long dash dotted thin line, thick at ends:
Cutting planes
Benefits of sharing orthographic drawings online:
pollution
shipping impact
printing materials
immediacy of access
reaching wider audience
allows easy access for others to modify
open source format allows others to manufacture it
Why would it be useful to adhere to British Standard conventions and protocols when sharing orthographic drawings?
Common language
Aids comprehension
Multiple people working on same project
Advantages to the client of modern printing techniques over traditional painting techniques:
More complex images can be produced
Larger range of colours
Easier to replace/renew
Faster application process
Accuracy of print
Repeatability
Advantages of using guidelines in the creation of promotional layouts:
aids alignment
aids accuracy
aids structure
description of being moveable
visibility can be turned on/off
elements can be snapped to them
can be bespoke to individual layouts or multiple layouts (master pages)
Ways hatching can be varied:
Hatching runs in opposite direction
Vary the spacing/pitch of hatching
Vary the angle of hatching (other than 45o)
Components or features that are not normally hatched in a sectional view:
Webs, Axle/shafts, Screws, Bolts, Nuts, Pins, Holes, Voids, Washer
How can a busy location of a billboard influence the design of
the final layout?
Information conveyed quickly
Exposure to audience is time limited
Eye catching design to create instant interest
Information is kept to a minimum
Large dominant image
Ways these grid and snap to grid can assist a graphic designer:
Ensures correct alignment
Effective spacing
Allows a good level of accuracy
Speeds up process
Negates use of guides.
Assist in sizing of objects
Benefit of using mirror:
Guarantees level of accuracy/symmetry
Time saved by not having to redraw
Ways a designer could use the DTP software to ensure the same colour scheme was used on everything:
Colour picking process (use colour picker and fill graphics using colour selected)
Note the colour codes of a graphic and apply consistently to other graphics
Copy and paste a graphic and manipulate
Make use of a standard colour palette
Use of transparency:
Transparency makes sure the background graphic does not distract from the main focus of the promotional item.
To make the product stand out more.
Factors that would influence the choice of scale in a drawing:
Size of media
Size of object
Level of detail
Drawing type
How to add another shell after one has already been done (to shell additional details)
1) delete original shell
2) redo shell
Advantages that remote working offers to a company:
Easy to send electronically to relevant people
Easy to collaborate with more people in different locations
Allows 24 hour working globally
Option to work at different locations other than their own office
Reduction in need to travel
Why is an oblique view a good option for things like lodges?
It is the preferred option when there are circles or radii involved in the 1 front view – as is the case with the lodge.
Ability to show an accurate elevation but also giving the impression of 3D form.
Use of a chain thin double dashed line:
Fold line
State the CAD feature that would allow a CAD technician to produce a variety of assemblies quickly and efficiently.
CAD library
Explain how the production of an app can be simplified by having the graphic elements already digitally produced:
Graphic elements such as the
logo, chair silhouette and shapes can be stored centrally and reused.
Graphic elements can be dragged and dropped if the programs used are compatible.
Having the elements already created saves time and effort.
Font matching is easier
Colour matching is easier
Editing is possible of pre-existing
graphics
Why would a graphic designer produce a scaled down test print on A3 paper before sending to the external printing company?
Allows designer to check for any
errors/mistakes before final
print.
Designer can show layout to
client before final print.
Scaled down version uses less
ink/toner/paper.
Can be printed quickly on a
desktop printer - no need for specialist output equipment.
What is harmony?
Colours next to each other on the colour wheel.
Disadvantages to a design company of using 3D CAD modelling instead of traditional manual modelling:
Start-up costs
Staff training on new software/ technology
Cost to regularly update software
Costs for maintenance of
equipment
Potential loss of work/files
through system crashes
Easy theft of data/hacking
Ergonomic testing cannot take
place
Why would a designer move an image from the middle to the side of a page?
To create a more usable space to the right
To make room for text
To make use of the ‘Rule of thirds’ in the layout
To create an asymmetric balance
To create an off centre focal point
State the type of orthographic production drawings that will normally include dimensions.
Component or part drawings
State where on orthographic drawings, the information “All sizes in mm” would be found.
Title block
