Need To Know Flashcards
Name four examples of materials made from plants
Cotton
Flax
Coir
Sisal
What are the two types of natural fibres
Plant and animal
Name four types of material made from animals
Silk
Wool
Angora
Mohair
What are synthetic materials made from
Oil
Name three examples of synthetic materials
Acrylic
Polyester
Nylon
What fibre is made from wood pulp
Regenerated cellulose (viscose, acetate, modal)
What are smart fibres
Materials that change when exposed to change in temperature pressure or light (eg. Thermochromic dyes)
Properties of woven fabrics and two examples
Strong
Does not fray
Cool
Does not loose shape
Eg. Denim and corduroy
What are the properties of knitted fabrics and two examples
Made from loops Stretches Looses shape Unravels Warm
Eg. Jersey and fleece
What are the properties of non-woven fabrics and name two examples
Made from fibres which have not been spun
Weak
Easily torn
Cheap to produce
Eg. Felt and interfacing
Name the functional characteristics
Strength Durability Crease/stain/water/flame resistant Aftercare Cost
What are the comfort properties
Absorbency Breathability Elasticity Softness Strength Warmth
What are the aesthetic properties
Handle
Drape
Colour
Appearance
Why are fabrics mixed or blended
So that you can get a fabric with the performance characteristics you need
Name the fabric finishing processes
Brushing
Calendaring
Chemical finishes
Stain/flame/water resistance
Name four special finishing treatments
Anti-bacterial
Light sensitive
Deodorant
To black U-V rays
Name some fabric decoration techniques
Embroidery Screen printing Tie dye Batik Appliqué Block printing
What is fixing
Making sure that the dye stays in the fabric (die any run when washed)
Done with heat, salt or other chemicals
What are components
Separately manufactured items that are added to a product (buttons, zips, lace, braid)
What are the four ways of shaping a garment
Darts
Tucks
Gathering
Elastication
Name the types of seams
Plain seam French seam Double stitched Flat felled seam Overlocked seam
What is the process of fibre to fabric
- fibres twisted together by spinning to made yarn
- yarn is knitted or woven to make fabrics
- different ways of knitting or weaving change the type of fabric, altering the look, properties and feel
Types of woven fabric
Satin
Twill
Pile
Plain
Types of knitted fabric
Jersey Double jersey Velour Fur fabric Fleece
Types of non-woven fabrics
Interfacing
Felt
Bondaweb
Wadding
What is a fabric finish
Applied to a fabric to approve its appearance, feel or other properties
What are the main types of finishing
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Coated
Why are fabric finishes used
To improve the fabric in some way
- improve the appearance, feel, drape
- change the texture of the fabric
- modify care requirements
What can smart materials do
- alter according to external stimulus
- change when temperature changes
What are interactive textiles
Involves including a circuit and micro-chip in a fabric so that it can act like a computer (eg. Hats and glove shat generate power through movement and then produce energy to keep the wearer warm)
Name five modern materials
Micro-encapsulation (smell contained in fibres)
Kevlar (bullet proof vests)
Polartec (biodegradable - from plastic bottles to make fleece fabric)
Nomex (heat proof fabric - firefighters)
Neoprene (synthetic rubber - wetsuits)
What is CAD
Computer aided design is any designing done by using a computer
What are 2 advantage and disadvantages of CAD
Adv.
Quick to change scale or colours of design
Designs can be sent to buyer for approval
Dis.
Very expensive to buy
Designers have to be trained to use software
What is CAM
Computer aided manufacture is the making of textile products where the machine is controlled by the computer
Two advantages and disadvantages of CAM
Adv.
Can work 24/7
Very accurate
Dis.
Very expensive to buy machine
If machine breaks it will need specialist parts to repair it
What is quality control
Quality control checks are carried out when manufacturing a product to ensure that it is fit for purpose, week made and safe
Name 3 checks that can be done in quality control
- raw materials and components checked for faults
- construction methods checked to make sure they are applied correctly
- final product checked against a ‘gold seal’ prototype to ensure that it is the correct size, colour and fit
What is fair trading
Fairtrade means that producers get a fair, realistic price for their product that covers the cost of making it
What is the eco-label
The European Eco label can be used on products that contain no harmful substances and cause minimum damage to the environment
What are the six R’s
Reduce Reuse Recycle Rethink Refuse Repair
What is a risk assesment
A systematic process if evaluating the potential risks that may be involved in a projected activity or undertaking
What is a Seam
A lien where tow pieces of fabric are seen together in a garment
What is sub-assembly
Collection of parts put together as a unit, to be used in the making of a larger assembly or a final or higher item
