Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nervous System S > need to know > Flashcards

need to know Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

cranial nerves: 12
spinal nerves: 31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dendrites

A

carry information towards cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

axons

A

carry information away form cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

neurones

A

do not continue to divide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

glial cells

A

do continue to divide
more glial cells than neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

schwann cells

A

Successive wrapping off the cell membrane form the insulating myelin
Outer surface encased in glycoprotein basement membrane which forms sheath of schwaan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

Unmyelinated areas between adjacent schwaan cells
Nerve impulses are generated at these areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

satellite cells

A

Support neuron cell bodies within ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

provide the insulation (myelin) to neurons in the
central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

microglia

A

Phagocytes, migratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ependymal cells

A

line ventricles and secrete CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Impulse transmission

A

Na+ higher concentration outside
K+ higer concentarion inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

depolarization

A

Membrane becomes permeable to Na+ for an instant and they quickly move into the cell
The inner surface of the cell membrane is now more positively charged than the outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Repolarization

A

When the cell membrane becomes depolarized, K+ automatically leaves the cell until the cell is back to its resting state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

“wave” of depolarization

A

transmission of an impulse along length of axon
myelin sheath causes the ion exchange to occur only at the NODES which speed up the process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

excitatory

A

they increase the likelihood of a postsynaptic action potential occurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

inhibitory

A

decrease likelyhood of a postsynaptic action potential .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A=

A

resting state/ potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

B=

A

depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

C=

A

depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

D=

A

hyperpolarization

24
Q

meninges

A

brain is wrapped in 3 layers of connective tissue

25
innermost later
pia mater covers/bound to surface of brain: fibrous layer
26
arachnoid
thin elastic weblike layer between Pia mater and dura mater
27
between Pia mater and arachnoid is
CSF
28
CSF
cerebral spinal fluid: clear liquid protecting brain from mechanical injury; acts as a shock absorber
29
cerebrum
○ Responsible for higher mental functions ○ Ctrl center ○ Voluntary/conscious activities of body ○ Corpus callosum Contains thick layers of unmyelinated neurons = gray matter
30
corpus callous
Major tract of axons that functionally interconnects right and left cerebral hemispheres
31
ridges
gyri
32
grooves
sulcus
33
inner surface of cerebrum
cerebral medulla made up of myelinated axons=white mater
34
left hemisphere
analytical and mathematical ability
35
right hemisphere
creativity
36
frontal
Anterior portion of each cerebral hemisphere Body regions with the greatest number of motor innervation are represented by largest areas of motor cortex
37
parietal
Primary area responsible for perception of somatesthetic sensation Body regions with highest densities of receptors are represented by largest areas of sensory cortex
38
temporal
Contain auditory centers that receive sensory fibers for cochlea Interpretation and association of auditory and visual information
39
occipital
Primary area responsible for vision and coordination of eye movements
40
cerebellum
Coordinates muscle mvmts, ctrls balance, posture, & coordination
41
brain stem
Serves as the place of entry or exit for 10/12 cranial nerves ○ Lowest part = medulla oblongata/medulla ■ Ctrls involuntary functions: breathing, BP, HR, digestion, swallowing, coughing ○ Above medulla is pons, then→midbrain ■ Midbrain involved in hearing & vision
42
thalamus
■ Switch station for sensory input except smell ■ Epithalamus contains choroid plexus where CSF is formed ■ Immediately below thalamus is hypothalamus
43
pituitary gland
Ant. pituitary - regulates secretion of hormones of other endocrine glands
44
sensory (affernt) signals
signals picked up by sensory receptors, carried by nerve fibers of PNS to the CNS
45
Motor (efferent) signals
carried away from the CNS, innervate muscles and glands
46
PNS afferent division
Transmits impulses from receptors to the CNS Somatic afferent fibers Visceral afferent fibers
47
Somatic afferent fibers
carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints
48
Visceral afferent fibers
transmit impulses from visceral organs
49
PNS efferent division
Motor (efferent) division - transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs; 2 subdivisions: Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system
50
Somatic nervous system
provides conscious control of skeletal muscles
51
Autonomic nervous system
regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland
52
Proprioceptive senses
detect stretch in tendons and muscle provide information on body position, orientation and movement of body in space
53
General somatic motor
Signals contraction of skeletal muscles Under our voluntary control
54
Visceral motor
Makes up autonomic nervous system (ANS) Regulates the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle, controls function of visceral organs
55
Sympathetic
fight or flight
56
Parasympathetic
- feed & breed, rest & digest ○ Relaxing effects: ■ Decreases HR ■ Dilates visceral blood vessels ■ Increases digestive activity
57
What is required for a reflex arc to take plac
Afferent neuron, effferent neuron, interneuron

Nervous System S (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions