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Nervous System S > need to know > Flashcards

need to know Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

cranial nerves: 12
spinal nerves: 31

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3
Q

dendrites

A

carry information towards cell

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4
Q

axons

A

carry information away form cell

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5
Q

neurones

A

do not continue to divide

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6
Q

glial cells

A

do continue to divide
more glial cells than neurons

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

schwann cells

A

Successive wrapping off the cell membrane form the insulating myelin
Outer surface encased in glycoprotein basement membrane which forms sheath of schwaan

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9
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

Unmyelinated areas between adjacent schwaan cells
Nerve impulses are generated at these areas

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10
Q

satellite cells

A

Support neuron cell bodies within ganglia

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11
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

provide the insulation (myelin) to neurons in the
central nervous system

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12
Q

microglia

A

Phagocytes, migratory

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13
Q

Ependymal cells

A

line ventricles and secrete CSF

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14
Q

Impulse transmission

A

Na+ higher concentration outside
K+ higer concentarion inside

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15
Q

depolarization

A

Membrane becomes permeable to Na+ for an instant and they quickly move into the cell
The inner surface of the cell membrane is now more positively charged than the outside

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16
Q

Repolarization

A

When the cell membrane becomes depolarized, K+ automatically leaves the cell until the cell is back to its resting state

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17
Q

“wave” of depolarization

A

transmission of an impulse along length of axon
myelin sheath causes the ion exchange to occur only at the NODES which speed up the process

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18
Q

excitatory

A

they increase the likelihood of a postsynaptic action potential occurring

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19
Q

inhibitory

A

decrease likelyhood of a postsynaptic action potential .

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20
Q

A=

A

resting state/ potential

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21
Q

B=

A

depolarization

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22
Q

C=

A

depolarization

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23
Q

D=

A

hyperpolarization

24
Q

meninges

A

brain is wrapped in 3 layers of connective tissue

25
Q

innermost later

A

pia mater
covers/bound to surface of brain: fibrous layer

26
Q

arachnoid

A

thin elastic weblike layer between Pia mater and dura mater

27
Q

between Pia mater and arachnoid is

A

CSF

28
Q

CSF

A

cerebral spinal fluid: clear liquid protecting brain from mechanical injury; acts as a shock absorber

29
Q

cerebrum

A

○ Responsible for higher mental functions
○ Ctrl center
○ Voluntary/conscious activities of body
○ Corpus callosum
Contains thick layers of unmyelinated neurons = gray matter

30
Q

corpus callous

A

Major tract of axons that functionally interconnects right and left cerebral hemispheres

31
Q

ridges

A

gyri

32
Q

grooves

A

sulcus

33
Q

inner surface of cerebrum

A

cerebral medulla
made up of myelinated axons=white mater

34
Q

left hemisphere

A

analytical and mathematical ability

35
Q

right hemisphere

A

creativity

36
Q

frontal

A

Anterior portion of each cerebral hemisphere
Body regions with the greatest number of motor innervation are represented by largest areas of motor cortex

37
Q

parietal

A

Primary area responsible for perception of somatesthetic sensation
Body regions with highest densities of receptors are represented by largest areas of sensory cortex

38
Q

temporal

A

Contain auditory centers that receive sensory fibers for cochlea
Interpretation and association of auditory and visual information

39
Q

occipital

A

Primary area responsible for vision and coordination of eye movements

40
Q

cerebellum

A

Coordinates muscle mvmts, ctrls balance, posture, & coordination

41
Q

brain stem

A

Serves as the place of entry or exit for 10/12 cranial nerves
○ Lowest part = medulla oblongata/medulla
■ Ctrls involuntary functions: breathing, BP, HR, digestion, swallowing, coughing
○ Above medulla is pons, then→midbrain
■ Midbrain involved in hearing & vision

42
Q

thalamus

A

■ Switch station for sensory input
except smell
■ Epithalamus contains choroid plexus where CSF is formed
■ Immediately below thalamus is hypothalamus

43
Q

pituitary gland

A

Ant. pituitary - regulates secretion of hormones of other endocrine glands

44
Q

sensory (affernt) signals

A

signals picked up by sensory receptors, carried by nerve fibers of PNS to the CNS

45
Q

Motor (efferent) signals

A

carried away from the CNS, innervate muscles and glands

46
Q

PNS afferent division

A

Transmits impulses from receptors to the CNS
Somatic afferent fibers
Visceral afferent fibers

47
Q

Somatic afferent fibers

A

carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

48
Q

Visceral afferent fibers

A

transmit impulses from visceral organs

49
Q

PNS efferent division

A

Motor (efferent) division - transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs; 2 subdivisions:
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system

50
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

provides conscious control of skeletal muscles

51
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland

52
Q

Proprioceptive senses

A

detect stretch in tendons and muscle provide information on body position, orientation and movement of body in space

53
Q

General somatic motor

A

Signals contraction of skeletal muscles
Under our voluntary control

54
Q

Visceral motor

A

Makes up autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Regulates the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle, controls function of visceral organs

55
Q

Sympathetic

A

fight or flight

56
Q

Parasympathetic

A
  • feed & breed, rest & digest
    ○ Relaxing effects:
    ■ Decreases HR
    ■ Dilates visceral blood vessels
    ■ Increases digestive activity
57
Q

What is required for a reflex arc to take plac

A

Afferent neuron, effferent neuron, interneuron

Nervous System S (4 decks)

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