Necropsy (PM exam) & concepts Flashcards
Name the 5 general pathological processes?
- Degeneration/Necrosis
- inflammation & repair
- circulatory disorders
- disorders of growth
- deposits & pigmentations
degeneration / necrosis is often caused by what types of etiologies?
degeneration / necrosis is often caused by metabolic or toxic etiologies
Inflammation and Repair is often caused by what types of etiologies?
Inflammation and Repair is often caused by infectious or autoimmune etiologies
Infectious = bact., viral, parasitic etc.
Disorders of growth is often caused by what etiologies?
disorders of growth is often caused by genetic etiologies but can be infectious or metabolic as well.
T/F When rapid dx is needed the PM can be skipped and testing for important (zoonotic/aggressive dz’s) are part of your differential?
True.
cell adaptation, neoplasia, and developmental anomalies all are a sub groupings of which general pathological process?
disorders of growth
T/F general pathology cellular adaptations means cell cycles are under controlbut morphology of the cell is not.
True
neoplasia refers to a cell cycle that is _______?
neoplasia refers to a cell cycle that is out of control.
Developmental abnormalities in general pathology refers to what?
Developmental abnormalities in general pathology refers to cells not growing or dividing during embryogenisis.
Often joint fluid, rib snap test, liver snap test, tymus in young animals and skeletal mm are over looked. What is the rib snap test for?
Rib snap test checks for metabolic bone dz.
A ratio ___:___ (fomalin:tissue) should be used for tissue fixing and the tissue sample should never be thicker than __cm.
10:1 formlin:tissue; 1cm
If a toxin is suspected during a necropsy what tissue, fluid, and content should you be sure to sample?
- urine
- stomach content
- fat
T/F all organs of the body should be sampled whether there is a lesion or not during a necropsy?
true
but samples should be directed toward the most likley cause.
what is the last organ that should be sampled when doing a PM exam?
Intestines
What are the 5 basic PM steps of any species in order?
- external exam
- open cavities
- collect mirobiologic samples
- remove and dissect organs
- collect histological samples
the most common biosafety level (BSL) used during a routine domestic animal PM exam is?
what about under field condistions?
what about a rabies suspect?
routine = L II
field = L I or II if the facility permits
Rabiels = L III
remember to take caustion with the immunosupressed or pregnante
When doing a PM exam what areas of the facility should u avoid?
What areas are best?
Avoid areas accessible to other animals, areas that contain food, high traffic areas and areas that are difficult to disinfect.
Best areas are on concrete, dirt with heavy sun exsposure, straw bed can be used and then burned
How can you tell a Antimortem clot (thrombus) from a PM clot?
can u spot the lesion?
can u describle it?
this an equine aorta you are looking at. Do think this a pre or PM change and what do u call the change?
did this cow suffer a pre or PM rupture from bloat and how do u know?
Pre mortum u can tell by the ingesta and clots adhered to the edges of the wound where the rupture occured
Do herbivors or carnivors bloat faster PM?
is PM bloat a late or early PM change?
why can you see rectal/vagenal prolapse with bloat in ruminents?
Herbivors bloat faster, late PM change > 12 hrs.
PM changes can be seen bc of fermentation of the bact continues after death and the rumen will bloat/swell
what would u think if u saw this during am external PM exam in a cow?
what about a dog?
is this pre or PM?
Cow: cold cataracts = PM
dog: “Blue eye” in canines = PreM - Autoimmune rxn = Ag-Ab complexes form in the eye caused by adenovirus 2 vaccine = irreversible change
this is a K9 speen u saw during you PM exam. what is it and is it preM or PM?
Pseudomelanosis - PM change
- look 4 clean margins in the blackened tissue
ingesta found in the trachea of a cow PM.
how did it get here?
how do know it was PM and not preM?
- Aspiration after death via expansion of the rumen or death occurred with cud in the mouth.
- will result in necrotizing type of pneumonia if preM which is not seen here
where did that fluid come from to get out his nose? Why would you think that?
this is pulmonary edema if it had mucus in it than one might think it came from the gastric system
You find this in a dog PM? what makes you think this is preM and not PM? What etiology could have casued this?
not the EDx the etiology.
After death lungs shrink and collapse; If not = lung pathology
- Heavy wet lung appearance with rib impressions
- may be the result of pneumonia, pulmonary congestion, edema etc.
