Necropsy (PM exam) & concepts

Question 1

Name the 5 general pathological processes?

Answer 1

1. Degeneration/Necrosis
2. inflammation & repair
3. circulatory disorders
4. disorders of growth
5. deposits & pigmentations

Question 2

degeneration / necrosis is often caused by what types of etiologies?

Answer 2

degeneration / necrosis is often caused by metabolic or toxic etiologies

Question 3

Inflammation and Repair is often caused by what types of etiologies?

Answer 3

Inflammation and Repair is often caused by infectious or autoimmune etiologies

Infectious = bact., viral, parasitic etc.

Question 4

Disorders of growth is often caused by what etiologies?

Answer 4

disorders of growth is often caused by genetic etiologies but can be infectious or metabolic as well.

Question 5

T/F When rapid dx is needed the PM can be skipped and testing for important (zoonotic/aggressive dz’s) are part of your differential?

Answer 5

True.

Question 6

cell adaptation, neoplasia, and developmental anomalies all are a sub groupings of which general pathological process?

Answer 6

disorders of growth

Question 7

T/F general pathology cellular adaptations means cell cycles are under controlbut morphology of the cell is not.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

neoplasia refers to a cell cycle that is _______?

Answer 8

neoplasia refers to a cell cycle that is out of control.

Question 9

Developmental abnormalities in general pathology refers to what?

Answer 9

Developmental abnormalities in general pathology refers to cells not growing or dividing during embryogenisis.

Question 10

Often joint fluid, rib snap test, liver snap test, tymus in young animals and skeletal mm are over looked. What is the rib snap test for?

Answer 10

Rib snap test checks for metabolic bone dz.

Question 11

A ratio ___:___ (fomalin:tissue) should be used for tissue fixing and the tissue sample should never be thicker than __cm.

Answer 11

10:1 formlin:tissue; 1cm

Question 12

If a toxin is suspected during a necropsy what tissue, fluid, and content should you be sure to sample?

Answer 12

1. urine
2. stomach content
3. fat

Question 13

T/F all organs of the body should be sampled whether there is a lesion or not during a necropsy?

Answer 13

true

but samples should be directed toward the most likley cause.

Question 14

what is the last organ that should be sampled when doing a PM exam?

Answer 14

Intestines

Question 15

What are the 5 basic PM steps of any species in order?

Answer 15

1. external exam
2. open cavities
3. collect mirobiologic samples
4. remove and dissect organs
5. collect histological samples

Question 16

the most common biosafety level (BSL) used during a routine domestic animal PM exam is?

what about under field condistions?

what about a rabies suspect?

Answer 16

routine = L II

field = L I or II if the facility permits

Rabiels = L III

remember to take caustion with the immunosupressed or pregnante

Question 17

When doing a PM exam what areas of the facility should u avoid?

What areas are best?

Answer 17

Avoid areas accessible to other animals, areas that contain food, high traffic areas and areas that are difficult to disinfect.

Best areas are on concrete, dirt with heavy sun exsposure, straw bed can be used and then burned

Question 18

How can you tell a Antimortem clot (thrombus) from a PM clot?

Answer 18

Question 19

can u spot the lesion?

can u describle it?

Answer 19

Question 20

this an equine aorta you are looking at. Do think this a pre or PM change and what do u call the change?

Answer 20

Question 21

did this cow suffer a pre or PM rupture from bloat and how do u know?

Answer 21

Pre mortum u can tell by the ingesta and clots adhered to the edges of the wound where the rupture occured

Question 22

Do herbivors or carnivors bloat faster PM?

is PM bloat a late or early PM change?

why can you see rectal/vagenal prolapse with bloat in ruminents?

Answer 22

Herbivors bloat faster, late PM change > 12 hrs.

PM changes can be seen bc of fermentation of the bact continues after death and the rumen will bloat/swell

Question 23

what would u think if u saw this during am external PM exam in a cow?

what about a dog?

is this pre or PM?

Answer 23

Cow: cold cataracts = PM

dog: “Blue eye” in canines = PreM - Autoimmune rxn = Ag-Ab complexes form in the eye caused by adenovirus 2 vaccine = irreversible change

Question 24

this is a K9 speen u saw during you PM exam. what is it and is it preM or PM?

Answer 24

Pseudomelanosis - PM change

• look 4 clean margins in the blackened tissue

Question 25

ingesta found in the trachea of a cow PM.

how did it get here?

how do know it was PM and not preM?

Answer 25

• Aspiration after death via expansion of the rumen or death occurred with cud in the mouth.
• will result in necrotizing type of pneumonia if preM which is not seen here

Question 26

where did that fluid come from to get out his nose? Why would you think that?

Answer 26

this is pulmonary edema if it had mucus in it than one might think it came from the gastric system

Question 27

You find this in a dog PM? what makes you think this is preM and not PM? What etiology could have casued this?

not the EDx the etiology.

Answer 27

After death lungs shrink and collapse; If not = lung pathology

• Heavy wet lung appearance with rib impressions
• may be the result of pneumonia, pulmonary congestion, edema etc.