Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT EXAM 3 > Neck Viscera and Thoracic Boundaries > Flashcards

Neck Viscera and Thoracic Boundaries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the connections of the trachea?

A

larynx to bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the structure of the trachea

A

C shaped hyaline cartilage, with annular ligaments in between rings, ring completed with smooth muscle and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

air conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is the trachea immobile?

A

No, annular ligament allows for flexion/ change of length & trachealis muscle allows for constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why would constriction of the trachea help an animal?

A

The trachealis muscle constricts the trachea and makes the lumen narrower. This allows for greater air velocity- expel material and cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

esophagus connections

A

laryngeal pharynx to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is the esophagous located

A

dorsal to trachea, ventral to longus colli, left of midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When performing a tracheostomy, what structures will be passed through?

A

skin, sternohyoideous, sometimes caudal thyroid vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

external jugular vein

A

superficial, venipuncture, main channel blood return FROM the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

contents of the carotid sheath

A
  1. Vagosympathetic trunk
  2. Internal jugular
  3. Common carotid artery
  4. Thoracic duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

common carotid arteries

A

primary source of blood TO the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

internal jugular vein

A

1/10 size of external jug. usually drains to caudal part of external jugular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

accessory nerve

A

CN XI- to trapezius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

vagus nerve

A

CN X, part of vagosympathetic trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Great auricular

A

off of C2 to innervate external ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

phrenic nerve

A

innervates diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

boundaries of the thoracic cavity

A

thoracic inlet, thoracic vertebral column, ribs/intercostal mm, sternum, thoracic outlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

thoracic inlet

A

T1, 1st ribs/costal cartilage, manubrium

  • trachea, esophagus, common carotid, internal and external jugular etc all pass through!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where are intercostal nerves derived from?

A

from the ventral branches of a thoracic spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where are the intercostal arteries derived from?

A

from dorsal branches of aorta and ventral branch of internal thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what defines the thoracic outlet?

A

T13, 13th rib/costal arch, xiphoid, diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a serous membrane ?

A

smooth, thin, double-layered sheets of tissue that secrete serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of serous membranes

A

reduce friction between organs and surrounding structure
- also provide defense against infection and may store fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in what body locations are serous membranes found?

A
  1. lining of thoracic cavity & lungs = PLEURA
  2. surrounding heart = PERICARDIUM
  3. surrounding testes and spermatic cord = VAGINAL TUNIC
  4. lining abdominal and pelvic cavities & organs inside= PERITONEUM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the structure of a serous membrane?

A

2 thin layers that is continuous and has a space between the layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

visceral layer of serous membrane

A

the layer that covers the organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

parietal layer of serous membrane

A

layer that is outermost, covers the cavity/wall or another outer structure

28
Q

cavity of serous membrane

A

space between visceral and parietal

29
Q

Contents of the thoracic cavity

A

two pleural cavities, separated by the mediastinum

30
Q

types of parietal pleura

A

mediastinal, costal, diaphragmatic

31
Q

Base of lung

A

caudal surface, concave

32
Q

apex of lung

A

rounded point of cranial extent of lung

33
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have

A

2
caudal and cranial (cranial and caudal aspects)

34
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have ?

A

4
cranial, middle, caudal, accessory,

35
Q

What is the cardiac notch?

A

between the cranial and middle lobes of the right lung/ between the 4th and 5th intercostal space/ between the sternum and costochondral junction

36
Q

where does the trachea extend to?

A

the level of the 4th intercostal space

37
Q

what is the most caudal ridge of tracheal cartilage where a split occurs?

A

carina

38
Q

how does the trachea split?

A

into L and R principal bronchi which then subdivides into lobar bronchi (1 per lobe)

39
Q

hilus of lung

A

area near the center of the lung, receives the principal bronchus/ where pulmonary vessels (= root) exit and enter the lung

40
Q

root of the lung

A

principal bronchus and pulmonary vessels entering lung off of the hilus

41
Q

what is the pulmonary ligament

A

caudal extension of mediastinal parietal pleura from lung root as a pleural fold

42
Q

what are the properties of arteries

A

carry blood Away from the heart
direction of flow determined by pressure gradient
thick-walled
elastic

43
Q

what are the properties of veins?

A

carry blood TO the heart
direction maintained by valves
thin walled
not elastic

44
Q

Does oxygenation or deoxygenation of blood differentiate arteries from veins?

A

NO

45
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

BLUE!!!
typically 1/ LUNG
arise from pulmonary trunk
carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
divide into smaller branches splitting to lobes = pulmonary lobar arteries

46
Q

pulmonary veins

A

RED!!
typically 1/ LOBE
carry Oxygenated blood from lung lobes to the heart

47
Q

What is the line of pleural reflection

A

a fold created by the parietal pleura changing direction from the diaphragm to ribs
- reflection from diaphragmatic parietal pleura to costal parietal pleura that forms a curved line extending from 8th costal cartilage to the middle of the 13 rib

48
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

the potential space defined by the line of pleural reflection and the basal border of the lungs, l
- lung expands into the space during inspiration but does not ever fully occupy

49
Q

basal border of lung

A

caudal margin of each lung, where the costal surface of the lung meets the diaphragmatic surface
- located along a line from 6th costochondral junction to dorsal aspect of 11th rib

50
Q

Where are you unable to puncture a lung

A

between basal border or lung and the line of pleural reflection

51
Q

thoracocentesis

A

procedure to remove air or fluid from the pleural cavity
- K/9= 7 or 8 ICS at CCJ
- FEL= 8 ICS at CCJ

do this at the cranial aspect of ribs because intercostal a, v, n are along caudal aspect

52
Q

what is the mediastinum?

A

the space between the L and R pleural cavities,
essentially within the median plane of the thoracic cavity

53
Q

mediastinal lymph nodes

A

many, located according to location
- caudal, middle, cranial

54
Q

sternal lymph nodes

A

medial to 2nd costal cartilage

55
Q

tracheobronchial lymph nodes

A

at bifurcation of trachea, around the principal bronchii

56
Q

thoracic duct

A

main lymph return vessel in the body , usually returns to venous system where L brachiocephalic and jugular v unite)

57
Q

pericaridum

A

outer = fibrous pericardium
inner = serous pericardium
A. visceral serous pericaridum
pericardial cavity
B. parietal serous pericardium

58
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

Fibrous sheet of connective tissue.
Protects & limits expansion of the heart.
adheres to
- mediastinal pleura
- parietal serous pericardium
- sternum & diaphragm (via phrenicopericardial ligament)
- connective tissue covering great vessels

59
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

procedure to remove abnormal fluid accumulation in pericardical cavity (pericardial effusion)

60
Q

where do you aim when performing a pericardiocentesis?

A

right 4th or 5th ICS, between sternum and level of costochondral junction: cardiac notch!!

61
Q

what tissues are penetrated when performing a cardiocentesis?

A

skin, subcutaneous tissue, internal intercostal m, costal parietal pleura, mediastinal pleura, fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity (NOT visceral pericardium)

62
Q

why does a fetus have cardiac shunts

A

because the lungs are non-functional and oxygenated blood comes from the placenta. shunts allow for lung bypass

63
Q

foramen ovale

A

shunt between L and R atria in the intraatrial septum
60% of blood into RA is shunted to LA
becomes FOSSA ovalis perinatally

64
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

blood vessel that connects the pulmonary trunk directly to the aorta

becomes LIGAMENTUM arteriosum

65
Q

Fetal blood flow

A

oxygenated blood from placenta enters RA via caudal vena cava, 60% of blood goes to LA via foramen ovalis, then to LV and aorta.

Other 40% of blood goes from RA to pulmonary trunk through ductus arteriosus into aorta

66
Q

ADULT blood flow

A

deoxy blood via caudal VC, cranial VC, azygous enter RA, goes into RV via tricuspid, goes into pulmonary tunk via pulmonary valve and into pulmonary arteries and into lungs

oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins into LA, goes to LV via bicuspid, goes to aortic arch via aortic valve

ANAT EXAM 3 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions