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Kines Final > Neck & Trunk Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Neck & Trunk Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Torso provides

A

stable base for the attachment of extremities

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2
Q

Adult vertebral column consists of ___ bones

A

26

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3
Q

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A
  • column of support
  • weight bearing structure
  • protection of spinal cord
  • movement of trunk
  • maintaining the upright position
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4
Q

Lordosis is a:

A

spinal curve with a concavity posterior

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5
Q

Kyphosis is a:

A

spinal curve with a concavity anterior

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6
Q

At birth the vertebral column consists of a single convex posterior curve called a

A

Kyphosis (primary curve)

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7
Q

As an infant begins to raise his/her head while lying prone-> what develops?

A

Cervical lordosis (secondary curve)

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8
Q

As the child begins to stand and walk: What develops?

A

lumbar lordosis

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9
Q

By about what age are the physiological curves similar to in an adult?

A

10 years old

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10
Q

What are the 4 curves of the vertebral column for:

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral?

A

Cervical- Lordosis
Thoracic- Kyphosis
Lumbar- Lordosis
Sacral- Kyphosis

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11
Q

T/F: The vertebral column curves help to absorb axial loads

A

True

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12
Q

Where are the two sets of interspinal articulations found between?

A

Vertebral bodies and the facets

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13
Q

Between the vertebral bodies are adjacent vertebrae from and are called what type of joint

A

C2-sacrum

Amphiarthrodial Joint

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14
Q

What are the bones of the vertebral bodies joined by

A

intervertebral fibrocartilaginous disc which consists of the annulus fibrosis, and nucleus pulposus

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15
Q

Facet joints are between and what are they classified as

A

superior and inferior articular facets

Diarthrodial

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16
Q

As a whole the vertebral column is considered to be:

A

Triaxial (3 planes)

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17
Q

The vertebrae can move in all 3 places and do

A 
Sagittal->
-flexion
-extension
-hyperextension
Frontal->
-lateral flexion
Transverse plane->
-rotation
Multiplanar->
-circumduction
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18
Q

The alanto-occipital joints are formed by articulation

A

occipital condyles and superior articular facets of C1

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19
Q

What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital classified as:

A

Diarthrosis Joints

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20
Q

Primary movements of the alanto-occipital joints are

A

flexion and extension

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21
Q

Alanto-occipital joints allow for

A

Lateral flexion

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22
Q

The atlanto-axial joints (C1-C2) include the

A
  • median atlantoaxial

- 2 lateral atlantoaxial

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23
Q

What is the median alanto-axial joint formed by

A

articulation between

  • facet on the posterior aspect of the anterior arch of C1
  • facet on the anterior aspect of the odontoid process of C2
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24
Q

The odontoid process is held in its articulation by the __________ ligament

A

transverse

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25
Q

What type of joint is the atlanto-axial and what is its primary movement

A
  • pivot
  • rotation
  • allows for some extension, flexion, and lateral flexion
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26
Q

The atlanto-axial joints (C1-C2) lateral is formed by:

A

articulation between the inferior articular facets of C1 and superior articular facets of C2

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27
Q

The atlanto-axial joints are considered

A

gliding joints

-allows for some flexion, extension and lateral flexion

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28
Q

Thoracic vertebrae the articulations are between

A

vertebrae bodies and adjacent articular facets.

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29
Q

Vertebrae to rib articulations are between

A

vertebrae to rib articulations between

  • Vertebral body (T1-T12) and Rib (Rib 1- Rib 12)
  • Transverse process (T1-T10) and Rib (1-10)
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30
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae and ribs are there

A

12

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31
Q

Rib pairs 1-7 are called

A

true ribs because they articulate with the sternum

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32
Q

Rib pairs 8-12 are called

A

false ribs & they do not articulate directly with sternum

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33
Q

Rib pairs 8-10 are

A

Their costal cartilage merge together with costal cartilage of rib 7 before they reach sternum

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34
Q

Rib pairs 11-12 are called

A

Floating ribs

-do not articulate with the sternum

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35
Q

How do the superior articular facets face for the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Face medially

36
Q

How do the inferior articular facets face for the lumbar vertebrae

A

Face laterally

37
Q

Movement of individual vertebral segments is

A

coupled

38
Q

What is coupling movement:

A

The primary motion occurs in 1 plane which is accompanied automatically by motion in at least 1 other place

39
Q

Coupling patterns differ by

A

spinal region

40
Q

Coupling patterns occur primarily due to

A

orientation of the facet joints

Ex: Spinal lateral flexion accompanied by spinal rotation

41
Q

Type I coupling

A

Lateral flexion in 1 direction with vertebral body rotation to an opposite side

42
Q

Type II coupling

A

Lateral flexion in 1 direction with vertebral body rotation to the same side

43
Q

Cervical and upper thoracic spine coupling->

A

Type II

44
Q

Middle and lower thoracic spine coupling->

A

Type I

45
Q

Lumbar spine coupling->

A

Type I

46
Q

In neutral position in the transverse plane:

A

ASIS is aligned with PSIS

47
Q

In neutral position in the frontal plane:

A

ASIS is aligned slightly posterior to the pubic symphysis

48
Q

What is lumbopelvic rhythm?

A

Full, smooth movement of the Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip (LPH) Complex

̶ Requires the cooperative interaction of many muscles and joints

49
Q

The lumbar spine and pelvis

̶ Work together to allow

A

full flexion and extension of the torso

50
Q

Trunk Flexion (Forward Bending)

A

Flexion of spine

-anterior pelvic tilt

51
Q

Trunk Extension

A

Extension of spine

-posterior pelvic tilt

52
Q

Pelvis

̶ Helps to maintain a normal _______

A

Lumbar curve

53
Q

Without first stabilizing the pelvis

A

you cannot have proper stabilization of the vertebral column

54
Q

Pathological curves can

A

increase, decrease or reverse

55
Q

Thoracic curve _____ as posture declines

A

Increases

56
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the vertebral spine

57
Q

Where is rotation for scoliosis

A

usually toward the side of scoliosis

58
Q

S curve apperance

A

extreme cases of scoliosis

59
Q

A thoracic scoliosis can cause

A

ribs to protrude posteriorly forming a raised area or hump

60
Q

Torticollis is a ______ disorder

A

musculoskeletal

61
Q

Torticollis is most commonly associated with

A

unilateral shortening of SCM

  • ipsilateral head tilt
  • contralateral rotation of head
62
Q

Torticollis can be

A

congenital or acquired

63
Q

Congenital Muscular Torticollis

A

•Infant holds his/her head tilted to one side and has difficulty turning the head
̶ Usually noticed 6 – 8 weeks after birth
- Typically, not painful
- Cause is not known

64
Q

Possible causes of Congenital Muscular Torticollis

A

birth trauma, Intrauterine malposition, bony abnormality

65
Q

Treatment of Congenital Muscular Torticollis

A

stretching, postural changes, and surgical intervention

66
Q

Acquired Torticollis

A

̶ Develops later in childhood or adulthood

̶ Usually painful

67
Q

Acquired Torticollis causes

A
  • Trauma to the neck
  • Tumors
  • Sleeping posture
68
Q

Acquired Torticollis treatment:

A

̶ Treatment
• Stretching
• Physical Therapy
• Occupational Therapy

69
Q

Sciatica

A

̶ Pain and/or paresthesias in the distribution of the sciatic nerve (L4 – S2)

70
Q

Causes of sciatica

A

• Any condition that may affect or compress the sciatic

nerve or roots (L4 – S2) of the sciatic nerve

71
Q

Spondylosis also called

A

osteoarthritis or DJD

72
Q

Spondylosis is characterized by:

A 
• Osteophytes
• Stenosis
• Disc thinning
• Thickening of the ligaments
result in nerve root or spinal cord compression
73
Q

Spondylosis symptoms:

A
  • pain

- decreased rom

74
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

A separation or defect at the pars interarticularis

with anterior slippage of the vertebral body

75
Q

Pars Interarticularis

A

The region of a vertebra between the superior and inferior articular processes

76
Q

Spondylolisthesis causes

A
  • trauma

- deformation

77
Q

Spondylolisthesis treatment

A
  • Exercise
  • Activity modification
  • Surgery
78
Q

Herniated Disc

A

A tear in the annulus fibrosis with protrusion of the

nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosis

79
Q

Signs and Symptoms of herniated disc:

A
  • Radicular pain
  • Sensory abnormalities
  • Muscle weakness
  • Decreased and painful ROM
  • Increased pain with straining, coughing and sneezing
80
Q

Causes of herniated disc

A
  • Trauma

* Excessive forces on the intervertebral disc

81
Q

Cocontraction of the Spinal Flexors and Extensors ̶

Helps to:

A

create downward pull
̶ Decrease shearing movements on the vertebrae
̶ Increase spinal stability
• Increase intra abdominal pressure, which will ̶
Increase spinal stability

82
Q

Contraction of the abdominal wall and core muscles ̶ Compresses the trunk

A

anteriorly and posteriorly

83
Q

Core Strengthening Exercises

A
  • Help improve lumbopelvic stability
  • Reduce the risk of lower back injury
  • resist unwanted forces on lumbopelvic joints
  • Treat lower back dysfunction
84
Q

What are the two core strengthening exercises

A

abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing

85
Q

Changing the position of the cervical spine will ->

A

change the force acting on the spine

Kines Final (1 decks)

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