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ENT > Neck Lump > Flashcards

Neck Lump Flashcards

1
Q

If a neck lump is found, what is the best first line investigation to carry out?

A

USS of the lump with a FNAC

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2
Q

What is a very useful investigation when looking at a lump in the neck?

A

CT scan

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3
Q

What are the congenital causes of lumps in the neck?

A
  1. Dermoids
  2. Thyroglossal duct cysts
  3. Branchial cysts
  4. Teratoma
  5. Laryngocoele
  6. Haemangloma
  7. Plunging ranula
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4
Q

What are the infectious causes of lumps in the neck?

A
  1. Lymphadenopathy (due to any infection e.g. viral, bacterial, fungal, TB)
  2. Neck abscess
  3. Sialademitis
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5
Q

What are the inflammatory causes of lumps in the neck?

A
  1. Sarcoidosis
  2. Kawasaki disease
  3. Sinus histiocytosis
  4. Castleman’s syndrome
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6
Q

What are the benign neoplasm causes of lumps in the neck?

A
  1. Benign salivary gland tumours
  2. Lipoma
  3. Sebaceous cyst
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7
Q

What are the malignant neoplastic causes of lumps in the neck?

A
  1. Metastatic squamous cell carcinomas
  2. Lymphoma
  3. Malignant salivary gland tumours
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8
Q

What are the vascular causes of lumps in the neck?

A
  1. Carotid body tumours

2. Carotid artery aneurysms

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9
Q

What are the thyroid causes of lumps in the neck?

A
  1. Nodule
  2. Goitre
  3. May be benign or malignant
  4. Thyroiditis
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10
Q

What are the risk factors for SCC of the head and neck?

A
  1. HPV
  2. Alcohol excess
  3. Smoking
  4. Betel nut chewing
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11
Q

What are the basic steps for diagnosing head and neck cancers?

A
  1. Panendoscopy and biopsy - examination under anaesthetic of the pharynx, larynx and upper oesophagus
  2. CT skull base
  3. Discuss at an MDT
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12
Q

What are the NICE guidelines for urgent referral of a head and neck cancer suspicion?

A
  1. Hoarseness for 6/52 or more
  2. Oral swelling for 3/52<
  3. Dysphagia persisting for 3/52
  4. Unilateral nasal obstruction, particularly with purulent discharge
  5. Unresolving neck mass for 3/52
  6. Cranial neuropathies
  7. Orbital masses
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13
Q

What can cause a solitary benign thyroid nodule?

A
  1. Follicular adenoma
  2. Hyperplastic nodule
  3. Thyroid cyst
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14
Q

What can cause a solitary malignant thyroid nodule?

A
  1. Papillary carcinoma
  2. Follicular carcinoma
  3. Medullary carcinoma
  4. Anaplastic carcinoma
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15
Q

What are the common causes of generalised thyroid swelling?

A
  1. Physiological - pregnancy, puberty
  2. Degenerative - multinodular goitre
  3. Thyroiditis - Hashimoto’s
  4. Grave’s disease
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16
Q

What would make you concerned that you could be faced with a thyroid malignancy?

A
  1. Stridor
  2. Rapidly enlarging painless mass
  3. Enlarged cervical lymph nodes
  4. Thyroid nodule in a child
  5. Unexplained hoarseness
17
Q

What is the most common site of head and neck squamous carcinoma in adults?

A

The oral cavity

ENT (5 decks)

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