Neck/Back/Pelvis Muscles Flashcards by Janel Prather

O: Directly deep of the rhomboids
Spinous proces of C7-T3
I: Ribs 2-5 superior borders
Mv: Elevation of ribs (during inspiration)
NI: Intercostal nerves

Serratus Posterior Superior

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O: Directly deep to LD
Spinous process of T11-L2
I: Ribs 9-12 inferior borders
Mv: Depression of ribs (during expiration)
NI: Intercostal N

Serratus Posterior Inferior

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O:Spine of T3-T6
I:C1-C3
Mv: Extension and rotate
Same side
NI: Middle and 
Lower cervical
nerves

Splenius Cervicis

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O:Lower half of nuchal ligament and spine of
C7-T3
I: Lateral occipital bone and mastoid process
Mv:Extend and rotate
NI:Middle and lower cervical nerves

Splenius Capitis

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O: Transverse Process of T6-7
I:Articular processes of C4-6 (area between superior and inferior nuchal line)
Mv: Extends the head
NI: Greater occipital nerve

Semispinalis Capitis

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O: Spinous process of T9-12 thoracic vertebrae
I: T1-2 and cervical vertebrae
Mv: Extends the vertebral column
IN: Posterior branch of spinal nerve

Erector Spinae

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Origin:Sacrum, Iliac crest, ribs and TP
of C4-6
Insertion: ICL, ICT, ICC
M:Ext, Ipsilateral rotation
Fixed: Elevation of Pelvis
Contralateral rotation
NI: Dorsal rami of spinal N

Iliocostalis

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Sacrum, Iliac crest, TP of L1-T5
Ribs, mastoid process
LT, LC, L capitis

Longissimus

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Spinous P of lower to higher & nuchal line

ST, SC,S capitis

Spinalis

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Transverse Process to Spinal Process and Occipital bone (SScapitis, SS cervicis & SS T
Extension, contralateral rotation

Semispinalis

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Sacrum, TP to SP (higher)

Ext, Contralateral rotation (fixed: elevation of pelvis, ipsilateral rotation)

Multifidus

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TP to Lamina 1-2 level superiorly

Rotatores

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O: Crest of Pubis
I: Costal cartilage of 5th,6th, and 7th
Mv:Trunk flexion, compression (moves pelvis towards chest)
NI: 7-12 intercostal N

Rectus Abdominis

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Lower 8 ribs
I:Iliac crest and linea alba 8-12 intercostal N
Rotates contralaterally

External Oblique

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Inguinal ligament, iliac crest
10,11,12 ribs abdominal aponeurosis 8-12
Intercostal N
Rotates to same side

Internal Oblique

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Inguinal ligament last six ribs

Abdominal aponeurosis, compression,7-12 N

Transverse Abdominis

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O: Iliac crest
I: 12 the rib, transverse process of L2-L5
Mv: Trunk bending (lateral flexion) and hip hiking
NI: 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar

Quadratus Lumborum

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(CN VII)
Styloid process to hyoid
Elevates and retracts hyoid during swallowing; elongates floor of mouth

Stylohyoid

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(CN V3 and CN VII)
Mandible to hyoid to mastoid
Anterior (V3) and posterior (VII) belly joined by intermediate tendon at hyoid
Depresses mandibleCareers against resistance or elevates hyoid bone during swallowing or eating
Trigeminal and Facial nerves

Digastric

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(CN V3)
Mandible tomylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid
Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking

Mylohyoid

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(C1 via CN XII)
Mandible to hyoid
Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly; shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx

Geniohyoid

(C1-C3 ansa cervicalis)
Superior border of scapula to hyoid
Has two bellies connected by an intermediate tendon attached to clavicle by fibrous sling
Depresses and fixes hyoid bone

Omohyoid

(C1-C3 ansa cervicalis)
Manubrium and medial clavicle to hyoid bone
Depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing

Sternohyoid

(C1 via XII)
Oblique line of thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone
Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

Thryohyoid

(C1-C3 ansa cervicalis) Posterior manubrium to oblique line of thyroid cartilage Depresses hyoid and larynx

Sternothryoid

``` Attachments Runs between cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae Innervation Anterior rami C2-C6 Actions Flexes neck ```

Longus Colli

``` Attachments From occipital bone to transverse processes C3-C6 Innervation Anterior rami C1-C3 Actions Flexes head ```

Longus Capitis

``` Attachments Base of cranium to C1 Innervation C1 and C2 spinal nerves Actions Flexes head ```

Rectus Capitis Anterior

``` Attachments Transverse processes C3-C6 to first rib Innervation C4-C6 spinal nerves Actions Flexes head ```

Anterior Scalene

``` Attachments Occipital bone to transverse process C1 Innervation C1 and C2 Actions Flexes head and stabilization ```

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

Attachments Transverse processes of C2-C7 to first rib Innervation Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves Acitons Flexes neck laterally; elevates first rib during forced inspiration

Middle Scalene

Attachments Transverse processes of C5-C7 to second rib Innervation Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves Actions Flexes neck laterally; elevates second rib during forced inspiration

Posterior Scalene

Attachments Inferior nuchal ligament and spinous processes of T1-T6 to mastoid process and lateral nuchal line Innervation Posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves Actions Unilateral: Laterally flexes and rotates head and neck to same side Bilaterally: extends head and neck

Splenius Capitus

``` Attachments Transverse processes of C2-C6 to superior part of medial border of scapula Innervation Doreal scapular nerve C5 Actions Elevates scapula Suboccipital nerve ```

Levator Scapulae

Spine of Axis (C2), ½ lat inf. nuchal line

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Post tubercle of C1, medial ½ of inf. | nuchal line Suboccipital nerve

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Transverse Process Of C1, Bet sup and inf. Nuchal line Suboccipital Nerve

Obliquus Capitis superior

Spine of C2, Transverse P of C1 | Suboccipital Nerve

Obliquus Capitis inferior

Origin Upper 2/3 of iliac fossa of ilium, internal lip of iliac crest, lateral aspect of sacrum, ventral sacroiliac ligament, and lower portion of iliolumbar ligament Insertion Lesser trochanter Action Flex the torso and thigh with respect to each other, external rotation, adduction Fixed: trunk flexion and interior tilt Innervation Muscular branch of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Iliacus

Origin Anterior surfaces and lower borders of transverse processes of L1 - L5 and bodies and discs of T12 - L5 Insertion Lesser trochanter Action Flex the torso and thigh with respect to each other Innervation Direct fibers of L1 - L3 of lumbar plexus (L1, L2, L3)

Psoas Major and Minor

O: Illiac Crest Posterior Inner Lip I: Upper 4 Lumbar Vertebrae Transverse Processes 12th Rib Lower border A: Lateral Flexion N: Ventral rami of twelfth thoracic and upper three or four lumbar spinal nerves.

Quadratus Lumborum

Origin Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior superior iliac crest, posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament Insertion Primarily in fascia lata at the iliotibial band; also into the gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral surface Action Major extensor of hip joint, assists in laterally rotating the thigh; upper and middle third section of the muscle are abductors Innervation Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) (L5, S1, S2)

Gluteus Maximus

Origin Dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest Insertion Lateral and superior surfaces of greater trochanter Action Major abductor of thigh; anterior fibers help to rotate hip medially; posterior fibers help to rotate hip laterally Innervation Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5, S1)

Gluteus Medius

Origin Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines; also from edge of greater sciatic notch Insertion Anterior surface of greater trochanter Action Abducts and medially rotates the hip joint Innervation Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5, S1)

Gluteus Minimus

Origin Anterior surface of lateral process of sacrum and gluteal surface of ilium at the margin of the greater sciatic notch Insertion Superior border of greater trochanter Action Lateral rotator of the hip joint; also helps abduct the hip if it is flexed Innervation Piriformis nerve (L5, S1, S2) (L5, S1, S2)

Piriformis

Origin Ischial spine Insertion Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, in common with obturator internus Action Rotates the thigh laterally; also helps abduct the flexed thigh Innervation Nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus -- a branch of the sacral plexus (L5, S1) (L5, S1)

Superior Gemellus

Origin Posterior portions of ischial tuberosity and lateral obturator ring Insertion Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, in common with obturator internus Action Rotates the thigh laterally; also helps abduct the flexed thigh Innervation Nerve to the obturator internus and inferior gemellus -- a branch of the sacral plexus (L5, S1) (L5, S1)

Inferior Gemellus

Origin Internal surface of obturator membrane and posterior bony margins of obturator foramen Insertion Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, in common with superior and inferior gemelli Action Rotates the thigh laterally; also helps abduct the thigh when it is flexed Innervation Nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus -- a branch of the sacral plexus (L5, S1) (L5, S1)

Obturator Internus

Origin Lateral margin of obturator ring above ischial tuberosity Insertion Quadrate tubercle and adjacent bone of intertrochanteric crest of proximal posterior femur Action Rotates the hip laterally; also helps adduct the hip Innervation Quadratus femoris branch of nerve to the quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus (L5, S1) (L5, S1)

Quadratus Femoris

Origin External surface of obturator membrane and anterior bony margins of obturator foramen Insertion Posteromedial surface of greater trochanter of femur Action Rotates the thigh laterally; also helps adduct thigh Innervation Obturator(L3 L4)

Obturator Externus