Neck & Back: Osteology Flashcards
C1-C7 characteristics
very stable
small bodies
bifid spinous processes
transverse processes that contain a foramen (foramen transversarium)
C1: Atlas
articulates with base of the skull
absence of vertebral body
special facet for articulation with C2 (dens)
spinous process (posterior)
transverse processes (posterolateral)
C2: Axis
odontoid process (dens)
articulates with C1 via superior articular facets & dens
transverse foramina
short bifid spinous process
components of the neck
bones: hyoid, cervical vertebrae
muscles
viscera: thyroid, para thyroid, submandibular
cervical nerves
functions of neck
attachment & movement of head
components of posterior aspect of trunk & neck
vertebral column
muscles: 3 layers
nerves: 31 pairs
functions of posterior aspect of trunk & neck
connects body regions
support & movement of torso
protection of nervous system
vertebral column consists of
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral vertebrae fused to form sacrum
3-4 coccygeal vertebrae fused to form coccyx
functions of projections on vertebrae
attachment site for muscles & ligaments
levers for action of muscles
site of articulation with adjacent vertebrae
typical vertebrae: vertebral body
weight-bearing part of the vertebra
linked to adjacent vertebral bodies by intervertebral discs & ligaments
typical vertebrae: vertebral arch
lateral & posterior parts of vertebral foramen
pedicles: attach the vertebral arch to the vertebral body
laminae: extend from each pedicle to meet in midline & form the roof of vertebral arch
typical vertebrae: spinous process
projects posteriorly & inferiorly from the junction of the 2 laminae
site for muscle & ligament attachment
typical vertebrae: transverse process
extends posterolaterally from the junction of the pedicle & lamina
site for muscle & ligament attachment
articulation with ribs in thoracic region
T1-T12 characteristics
most mobile: flexion & extension
sup. & inf. costal facets for articulation with the head of its own rib and below
transverse process has transverse costal facet for articulation with the tubercle of its own rib
heart-shaped vertebral body
circular vertebral foramen
L1-L5 characteristics
least mobile
large
cylindrical vertebral body
triangular and larger vertebral foramen
sacral vertebrae characteristics
anteroposteriorly flattened - concave anteriorly
triangular
articulates with L5 above
coccygeal vertebrae characteristics
articulates with sacrum above
NB for ligamentous attachments in pelvis
