Neck and Superficial Face

Question 1

What is the anterior boundary of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 1

Median line of the neck

Question 2

What is the posterior boundary of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 2

Anterior border of sternoclediomastoid

Question 3

What is the superior boundary of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 3

Inferior border of mandible

Question 4

What is the apex of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 4

Located at the jugular notch in the manubrium of the sternum

Question 5

What forms the roof of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 5

Subcutaneous tissue containing the platysma

Question 6

What forms the floor of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 6

Pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

Question 7

What does the anterior triangle of the neck subdivide into?

Answer 7

Submental triangle, submandibular triangle, carotid triangle, and muscular triangle

Question 8

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

Answer 8

Several small sub mental lymph nodes and small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein

Question 9

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 9

Mainly filled by submandibular gland

Question 10

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

Answer 10

Common carotid artery ascends into this triangle and its pulse can be palpated by pressing lightly against cervical transverse processes

Question 11

What level does the hyoid bone lie at?

Answer 11

C3 vertebra in angle between mandible and thyroid cartilage

Question 12

What level does the thyroid gland lie?

Answer 12

From C5-T1 vertebra

Question 13

What level does the larynx lie?

Answer 13

At the level of the bodies of C3-C6 vertebra

Question 14

What is the origin of the occipitofrontalis?

Answer 14

Frontal belly- epicranial aponeurosis

Occipital belly- lateral two thirds of superior nuchal line

Question 15

Where does the occiptiofrontalis insert?

Answer 15

Frontal belly- skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead
Occipital belly- epicranial aponeurosis

Question 16

What action does the occipitofrontalis, frontal belly, perform?

Answer 16

Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead; protracts scalp

Question 17

What action does the occiptofrontalis, occipital belly, perform?

Answer 17

Retracts scalp; increasing effectiveness of frontal belly

Question 18

What is the origin of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 18

Medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone

Question 19

Where does the orbicularis oculi insert?

Answer 19

Skin around margin of orbit; superior and inferior tarsi

Question 20

What action does the orbicularis oculi perform?

Answer 20

Closes eyelids; palpebral part does so gently, orbital part tightly (winking)

Question 21

What is the origin of the orbicularis oris?

Answer 21

Medial maxilla and mandible

Question 22

Where does the orbicularis oris insert?

Answer 22

Mucous membrane of lips

Question 23

What action does the orbicularis oris perform?

Answer 23

Tonus closes mouth; phasic contraction compresses and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists distention (when blowing)

Question 24

What is the origin of the buccinator?

Answer 24

Mandible, alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe

Question 25

Where does the buccinator insert?

Answer 25

Angle of mouth; orbicularis oris

Question 26

What action does the buccinator perform?

Answer 26

Presses cheek against molar teeth; works with tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule

Question 27

What is the origin of the platysma?

Answer 27

Subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions

Question 28

Where does the platysma insert?

Answer 28

Base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris

Question 29

What makes up the carotids system of arteries?

Answer 29

Common carotid artery and its terminal branches, the internal and external carotid arteries

Question 30

What does the common carotid artery ascend with in the carotid sheath?

Answer 30

Internal jugular vein and vagus nerve

Question 31

Where does the common carotid artery divide into internal and external carotid arteries?

Answer 31

Level of superior border of thyroid cartilage

Question 32

Where does the right common carotid artery begin?

Answer 32

At the bifurcation of the brachiocephalic trunk

Question 33

Where does the left common carotid artery begin?

Answer 33

Arises from the arch of the aorta and ascends in the neck

Question 34

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 34

Ascending pharyngeal artery, facial artery, lingual artery, posterior auricular artery, superior thyroid artery, occipital artery

Question 35

What are the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery?

Answer 35

Vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, and thyrocervical trunk

Question 36

What are the branches of the second part of the subclavian artery?

Answer 36

Costocervical trunk

Question 37

What are the branches of the third part of the subclavian artery?

Answer 37

Dorsal scapular artery

Question 38

What divides the subclavian artery?

Answer 38

Anterior scalene

Question 39

Where is the first part of the subclavian artery found?

Answer 39

Medial to the anterior scalene

Question 40

Where is the second part of the subclavian artery found?

Answer 40

Posterior to the anterior scalene

Question 41

Where is the third part of the subclavian artery found?

Answer 41

Lateral to the anterior scalene

Question 42

Describe the carotid sinus.

Answer 42

Dilation of proximal part of internal carotid artery, innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve via its carotid branch, it is a baroreceptor that is stimulated by increase in arterial blood pressure

Question 43

Describe the carotid body.

Answer 43

Supplied by carotid branch of glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve, it is a chemoreceptor that monitors the level of oxygen in the blood, it is stimulated by low oxygen levels and can increase rate of respiration, cardiac rate, and blood pressure

Question 44

What provides sensory innervation of the face?

Answer 44

Trigeminal nerve

Question 45

What are the branches of the facial nerve on the face?

Answer 45

Zygomatic, temporal, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical