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Block 2 Neuro > Neck and submandibular region > Flashcards

Neck and submandibular region Flashcards

1
Q

Hyoid bone

A

18 muscles, 4 ligaments, 1 membrane attach here

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

A
  • Efferent innervation: accessory nerve
  • Afferent innervation: C2
  • Function: draws head toward shoulder and rotates it, pointing chin cranially an to opposite side (singly). Flex the head (together)
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3
Q

Platysma

A
  • Facial muscle in the superficial fascia
  • Cervical branch of facial muscle
  • Function: depresses lower jaw and neck, tenses and ridges skin of neck
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4
Q

Investing layer

A

Encloses all neck structures

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5
Q

Infrahyoid fascia

A

Surrounds the strap muscles

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6
Q

Carotid sheath

A

Formed by contributions of other fascia. Chief neurovascular channel in the neck

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7
Q

Pretracheal fascia

A

Encloses the thyroid gland

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8
Q

Prevertebral fascia

A

Encloses deep muscles of the neck

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9
Q

Retropharyngeal fascial space

A

Loose connective tissue potentially region where infection can spread along the viscera of the neck

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10
Q

Sensory branches of the cervical plexus formed from what?

A

Anterior primary rami of C2-4. C1 has no cutaneous sensory branches.

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11
Q

Supraclavicular nerves

A

Supply lower neck

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12
Q

Transverse cervical nerves

A

Supply anterior neck

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13
Q

Great auricular nerve

A

Supplies angle of mandible and areas of ear

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14
Q

Lesser occipital nerve

A

Supplies regions behind the ear

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15
Q

External jugular vein

A

Union of posterior auricular and branch of retromandibular veins

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16
Q

What does the dorsal ramus of C2 supply?

A

The sensory innervation to the back of the head

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17
Q

What path does the accessory nerve travel along?

A

Leaves cranial cavity through jugular foramen–>passes deep to SCM–>crosses posterior triangle

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18
Q

What supplies the strap muscles?

A

Branches of the ansa cervicalis

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19
Q

What forms the ansa cervicalis?

A

Anterior primary rami of C1-C3

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20
Q

Contents in the carotid sheath

A

Internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, vagus nerve

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21
Q

Internal jugular vein

A

Most lateral position. Joins subclavian vein on both sides to form brachiocephalic veins.

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22
Q

Where does the thoracic duct join?

A

Region of confluence between internal jugular and subclavian veins on the left side

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23
Q

Common carotid artery

A

Splits into internal and external carotid arteries near the upper border of thyroid cartilage.

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24
Q

Carotid sinus

A

Slight dilation of the internal carotid. BP regulating area (pressure receptor)

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25
Q

Carotid body

A

Chemoreceptor that responds to increased CO2 or decreased O2 in the blood.

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26
Q

What are the carotid body and sinus receptors innervated by?

A

The glossopharyngeal and some contribution by the vagus

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27
Q

Left common carotid artery originates where?

A

Arch of the aorta

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28
Q

Right common carotid artery originates where?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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29
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Embedded in posterior aspect of the carotid sheath. Branches: Superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal nerve.

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30
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve

A

Provides internal and external branches to larynx. Branch of the vagus nerve

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31
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Hooks around the subclavian artery on the right and arch of the aorta on the left within the thorax.

32
Q

Ansa cervicalis

A

Motor component of the cervical plexus derived from C1-C3. Plexus of cervical motor nerves. C1 gives rise to anterior limb and C2-C3 give rise to the inferior limb. Innervates the “strap” muscles. Usually located on the top of the carotid sheath

33
Q

Sternohyoid

A

-Depresses larynx and hyoid bone, steadies hyoid bone

34
Q

Sternothyroid

A

Depresses larynx and thyroid cartilage

35
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

Depresses larynx and hyoid bone, elevates thyroid cartilage. Innervated by the anterior primary rami of C1 that runs with the hypoglossal nerve

36
Q

Omohyoid

A

Steadies hyoid bone, depresses and retracts hyoid bone and larynx

37
Q

Geniohyoid

A

Elevates hyoid bone and tongue. Innervated by the primary rami of C1 that run with and leave the hypoglossal nerve

38
Q

Internal carotid artery

A

Doesn’t have branches off neck. Supplies the brain and the contents of the orbit

39
Q

External carotid artery

A

Main branches: Superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery, occipital artery, maxillary artery, superficial temporal artery.

40
Q

Thyroid gland

A

2 lobes united by isthmus in midline. Endocrine gland located just below the thyroid cartilage. Arterial supply: superior and inferior thoracic artery.

41
Q

Parathyroids

A

Small, oval glands on posterior surface of lateral lobes of the thyroid gland. Receives blood from the inferior thyroid arteries. Involved in regulating serum calcium levels.

42
Q

Trachea

A

16-20 C shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage. Posterior part composed of smooth muscle and membrane

43
Q

Esophagus

A

Immediately posterior to the trachea. Continuation of pharynx above. Usually in collapsed state–only expands when lumen contains material

44
Q

Sympathetic trunk

A

Medial to carotid vessels. 3 superficial chain ganglia present (superior cervical the largest).

45
Q

Gray rami

A

Extend between the ganglia and spinal nerves. Contain post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

46
Q

Cricothyrotomy

A

Cutting of the cricothyroid membrane. Can relieve acute respiratory obstruction if done correctly.

47
Q

Accessory nerve

A

Starts in upper segments of spinal cord and passes rostrally between motor and sensory roots. Enters cranial cavity through foramen magnum and exits through the jugular foramen. Innervates the trapezius and SCM muscles

48
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Motor to muscles of pharynx (except stylopharynx) and larynx. Sensory to larynx and part of the pharynx.

49
Q

What supplies most of the sensory fibers to the pharynx?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

50
Q

Prevertebral space

A

Between prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia. Possible route for infection to spread from pharynx to posterior mediastatinum

51
Q

Thymus

A

Lies behind the manubrium. 2 lobes joined together. Developed from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch. Site of T-lymphocyte precursor cells. Atrophies with age.

52
Q

Brachiocephalic veins

A

Formed by union of subclavian and internal jugular veins. The two veins join together to form the superior vena cava at the site of the right margin of the sternum

53
Q

Brachiocephalic trunk

A

First branch off the aorta. Gives rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

54
Q

Branches from the aortic arch

A

Brachiocephalic trunk. Left common carotid artery. Left subclavian artery.

55
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Drains into subclavian vein near its junction with the internal jugular vein. With injury, can get lymph flowing out and collecting in cavity

56
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

On top of anterior scalene muscle. Supplies the diaphragm (each nerve supplies 1/2). From C3, C4, C5

57
Q

Location of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery

A

Between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

58
Q

Middle scalene muscle

A

Largest of the 3 scalene muscles

59
Q

Left subclavian artery branches from where? The right?

A

Left: aortic arch. Right: brachiocephalic trunk

60
Q

Branches of the subclavian artery?

A

Internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk, vertebral, costocervical trunk

61
Q

3 vessels that come off the thyrocervical trunk?

A

Inferior thyroid, transverse cervical artery, subscapular artery.

62
Q

What nerve does the transverse cervical artery travel with?

A

The accessory nerve

63
Q

Submandibular gland

A

One of the paired, major salivary glands

64
Q

Digastric muscle: anterior belly innervation

A

Innervation: mylohyoid nerve (branch of CN V, V3)

65
Q

Digastric muscle: posterior belly innervation

A

Facial nerve

66
Q

Digastric muscle function

A

Raises hyoid bone and base of tongue, steadies hyoid bone, depresses mandible

67
Q

Stylohyoid

A

Elevates hyoid bone and base of tongue. Innervated by facial nerve

68
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Elevates hyoid bone, raises floor of mouth, depresses the mandible. Innervated by mylohyoid nerve (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)

69
Q

Geniohyoid

A

In the floor of the mouth, covered by anterior belly of digastric any mylohyoid muscles.

70
Q

Mandibular branch of V3

A

Moves along the lower border of the mandible

71
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

Goes superificial to external carotid artery and then deep to the stylohyoid and posterior digastric muscles. Disappears above the mylohyoid muscle

72
Q

Genticulate ganglon

A

Where taste fibers (supply 2/3 of anterior tongue) have their cell bodies located.

73
Q

Spiral ganglia

A

Supply sensory fibers of the cochlea. Responsible for conducting the impulse of hearing. Bipolar neuron cells.

74
Q

Vestibular ganglion

A

Responsible for conducting impulses related to balance.

75
Q

Where are the motor fibers of the vagus nerve located?

A

In the nucleus ambiguous. (innervates the muscles of the pharynx and larynx

76
Q

Where are the GVA cell bodies located?

A

Sensory ganglion outside of the jugular foramen

Block 2 Neuro (3 decks)

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