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Head and neck anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Give the important anatomical structures of C3,C4,C6.

A

C3: Hyoid bone
C4: Thyroid cartilage, bifurcation of the CCA
C6: Cricoid cartilage, esophagus + trachea begin, vertebral artery enters transverse foramen

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2
Q

What is the clinical significance(s) of carotid tubercle?

A
  • anterior tubercle of the cotransverse process
    1. press CCA to slow bleeding
    2. landmark for injection of anesthesia to block spinal nerves/ sympathetic ganglia
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3
Q

Give the 8 branches of the ECA.

x4 in neck x4 in head

A 
"Some anatomists love freaking out poor medical students"
Neck
- superior thyroid artery
- ascending pharyngeal artery
- lingual artery
- facial artery
Head
- occipital artery
- posterior auricular artery
- maxillary artery
- superficial temporal artery
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4
Q

What do carotid sinus and carotid body detect respectively?

A

Carotid sinus: BP change

Carotid body: CO2 change

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5
Q

What are the contents in the carotid sheath from a lower position to a higher position?

A

CCA + IJV + vagus

> ICA + IJV + CN9,10,11,12

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6
Q

Give the anatomical relationships of the different parts of the subclavian artery.

A

1st part: give out most branches, anterior: sternoclavicular joint, IJV, left phrenic nerve, thoracic duct

2nd part: anterior: scalenus anterior, right phrenic, subclavian vein
3rd part: posterior: 1st rib (most superficial part)

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7
Q

What is the clinical significance of lesser supraclavicular fossa?

A

Find IJV, between the 2 heads of SCM

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8
Q

Infrahyoid muscles move larynx in phonation and singing.

State all the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles.

A
  1. Suprahyoid muscles: mylohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid
  2. Infrahyoid muscle: thyrohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid and omohyoid
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9
Q

Which structure carries the brachial plexus and separates the subclavian artery and vein?

A

Scalenus anterior

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10
Q

Content of cervical plexus?

A

Ventral rami of C1-C4

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11
Q

Content of brachial plexus?

A

Ventral rami of C5-T1 (between anterior and medial scalene)

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12
Q

What are the 4 triangles in the anterior neck?

A

Carotid, digastric, submental, muscular

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13
Q

Content of the carotid triangle? (blood supply, nerves, muscle)

A

Carotid artery, IJV
CN 10,11,12, sympathetic trunk
Digastric muscles (posterior)

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14
Q

Content of the muscular triangle?

A

Viscera, strap muscles

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15
Q

Triangles in the posterior triangle?

A

Occipital triangle

supraclavicular triangle

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16
Q

Borders of the posterior triangle?

A

Trapezius, SCM, clavicle

17
Q

The floor of the posterior triangle?

A
  • levator scapulae
  • back muscles
  • scalene muscles
18
Q

Nerves in the posterior triangle?

What do they supply?

A 
CN11 
brachial plexus
cervical plexus (C1-C4) 
- C1: no C1 ganglion, no C1 sensory
- C2-C4: to shoulder (supraclavicular nerve), head, neck

Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

  • C1 runs along CN12, on carotid sheath
  • supply strap muscles, geniohyoid muscle, levator scapulae, longus coli
19
Q

State where does the 2 recurrent laryngeal nerves wind around.

A

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve: subclavian artery

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve: carotid arch between trachea and esophagus

20
Q

Relationship of CN11?

A

Anterior: SCM and trapezius
Posterior: it crosses IJV superficially

21
Q

Sympathetic trunk form loops (e.g. as ansa subclavius)

What type of fibers does it carry and where does it lie on?

A

Postganglionic fibers join spinal nerves and cranial nerves

Lies on longus muscle

22
Q

List all the fascia in the neck.

A
  • Investing fascia
  • Prevertebral fascia
  • pretracheal fascia
  • carotid sheath
  • alar fascia
23
Q

List all the spaces in the neck.

A
  • pretracheal space
  • retropharyngeal space (to superior mediastinum)
  • danger space (to diaphragm, mediastinum)
  • prevertebral space (to coccyx)
24
Q

What is the spinal level of the thyroid gland?

A

C5-C7

25
Q

List all the arteries (big and small branches) related to the thyroid gland.

A
  1. ECA > superior thyroid artery
  2. Subclavian artery > Thyrocervical trunk > inferior thyroid artery
  3. Brachiocephalic trunk: thyroidea ima artery
26
Q

List all the veins related to the thyroid gland. (and also their drainage)

A
  • Superior and middle thyroid vein > IJV

- Inferior thyroid vein > brachiocephalic vein

27
Q

Briefly describe the lymphatic drainage of the head and neck regions.

A
  1. Superficial nodes (around head and neck region and external, anterior jugular vein)
    »>
  2. Deep cervical nodes (along IJV)
    • retropharyngeal, accessory, supraclavicular, outposts

> thoracic + right lymphatic duct

28
Q

Most of the lymph nodes are ipsilateral.

State all the bilateral lymph nodes. (x4)

A

Soft palate, tonsil, tongue base, nasopharynx

29
Q

At which 3 locations there are only a few lymph nodes?

A

true vocal cord,
middle ear,
paranasal sinus

30
Q

Lymph from which structures drain to submandibular nodes?

A
  • receive from submental, facial lymph nodes

- face, gum, floor of mouth, sublingual, submandibular glands

31
Q

Lymph from which structures drain to deep cervical nodes?

A

from jugulodigastric + jugulo-omohyoid

- palatine tonsil (jugulodigastric), tongue, nasal cavity

32
Q

Lymph from which structures drain to supraclavicular nodes?

A

enlarged on left = Virchow-Troiser’s node

Communicates with axillary nodes with breast lymph vessels, retrograde flow from thorax and abdomen

33
Q

Lymph from which structures drain to retropharyngeal nodes?

upper lateral: node of Rouviere

A

-middle ear, auditory tube, nasal cavity (paranasal sinus), soft palate, nasopharynx, sometimes thyroid

34
Q

Lymph from which structures drain to outposts around larynx and trachea?

A

Larynx, trachea, esophagus, thyroid

35
Q

What possible consequences of cervical ribs (the transverse process of C7 may develop a floating rib?

A

compression on brachial plexus below it

36
Q

Which 3 veins are considered to use for central venous catheterization?

A
  1. IJV
  2. Subclavian vein
  3. Femoral vein
37
Q

How is the IJV located for central venous catheterization?

A

Puncture at the lesser supraclavicular fossa, lateral to the carotid pulse

  • possible pneumothorax
  • may damage thoracic duct at left, RA at right
38
Q

How is the subclavian vein located for central venous catheterization?

A

Puncture at the middle of clavicle

  • direct towards the sternal notch
  • for obese people, possible pneumothorax

Head and neck anatomy (3 decks)

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