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HEENT > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

no body; no spinous process; anterior and posterior arch; anterior and posterior tubercle, transverse foramen for which artery?

A

C1, vertebral

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2
Q

dens or odontoid

A

C2

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3
Q

greater horns of hyoid articulate with?

A

spine

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4
Q

superior cricoid cartilage, anterior arytenoid

A

thyroid cartilage and laryngeal prominence; adams apple

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5
Q

What muscles make up anterior triangle?

A

superiorly is submandibular muscle, posterior is sternoclenomastoid and midline neck is medial border

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6
Q

what does anterior triangle contain?

A

Submandibular gland, hypoglossal nerve, facial artery, nerve to mylohyoid, lymph nodes, parts of jugular veins, Common carotid artery, external carotid artery, Internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, ansa cervicalis

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7
Q

What borders posterior triangle?

A

sternoclenomastoid, traps, middle clavicle

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8
Q

Sternocleidomastoid attachment, innervation, function?

A

Attachments: Sternum, clavicle, mastoid process
Innervation: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Function: Extend head, Flex neck, Rotate head

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9
Q

Cervical dystonia, spasmodic torticollis, is when your neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing your head to twist or turn to one side. Which muscle is involved?

A

sternocleiodmastoid

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10
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles and innervations?

A

Sternohyoid - ansa cervicalis, Sternothyroid - ansacervicalis, Thyrohyoid - C1, Omohyoid - ansa cervicalis

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11
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?and innervations

A

Digastric - nerve to myohyoid (CN 3), facial (CN VII), Mylohyoid - CN 3, Stylohyoid - CNVII, Geniohyoid- C1

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12
Q

TRUE/FALSE: longus capitus is more medial and superior to Longus Coli?

A

False: Longus capitis is lateral superior to longus coli

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13
Q

Innervation and function of scalenes?

A

innervation: ventral rami, function: flex neck/head, and raise ribs

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14
Q

What does scalene triangle contain?

A

brachial plexus and subclavian artery

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15
Q

Attachments, innervations, and function of longus capitis?

A

Occipital bone; transverse processes, Innervation: Ventral rami, Function: Flex head

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16
Q

Attachments, innervations, and function of longus colli?

A

Attachment: Anterior tubercle C1, cervical vertebral bodies and transverse processes
Innervation: Ventral rami
Function: Flex neck, Rotation of head to opposite side

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17
Q

Branches of aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic (right common carotid, subclavian), left common carotid, left subclavian

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18
Q

What are contents of carotid sheath?

A

Common and internal carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Sympathetic nerve fibers

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19
Q

What is structure of internal carotid artery?

A

Originates between brachiocephalic trunk and arch of aorta, terminates in the skull through carotid canal

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20
Q

What innervates carotid body and sinus

A

CNIX or glossopharyngeal

21
Q

What are branches of external carotid?

A

Superior thyroid (Superior laryngeal), Lingual, Facial,
Occipital, Maxillary and Superficial Temporal

22
Q

Origin: Brachiocephalic Trunk (right), Arch of Aorta (left)
Termination: Becomes axillary artery at lateral border of 1st rib. Divided into 3 parts by anterior scalene muscle

A

subclavian artery

23
Q

Branches of subclavian 1st part

A

Vertebral, Internal thoracic, dorsal scapular (or comes of transverse cervical)
Thyrocervical trunk:
Inferior thyroid
Transverse cervical
Suprascapular

24
Q

2nd part subclavian

A

Costocervical trunk
Superior intercostal
Deep cervical

25
Q

Neck veins

A

Anterior Jugular vein, External jugular vein, Internal jugular vein, Subclavian vein, Left and Right Brachiocephalic veins

26
Q

Origin, Termination, and branches of external jugular vein

A

Origin: Retromandibular, Posterior auricular
Termination: Subclavian vein
Tributaries: Transverse cervical, Suprascapular, Anterior jugular

27
Q

Origin, branches, and termination of internal jugular vein?

A

Begins at jugular foramen
Tributaries: Lingual, Superior and middle thyroid
Termination: joins with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein

28
Q

Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid innervation

A

CNIX or spinal accessory

29
Q

Intrinsic tongue muscle innervation

A

hypoglossal or CNXII

30
Q

Thyrohyoid and geniohyoid innervation

A

C1

31
Q

Posterior and anterior branches of Cervical plexus (C1-C4)

A

Posterior: Transverse cervical nerve, Lesser occipital, Supraclavicular, Great auricular (sensory)

Anterior: Ansa cervicalis (C1) (motor)

32
Q

cervical plexus

A
33
Q

phrenic nerve in neck

A

anterior to anterior scalene

34
Q

vagus nerve in neck

A

posterior to common carotid and internal jugular. Has left recurrent under aorta and right recurrent under subclavian

35
Q

Sympathetic chain and ganglia

A

superior = C1-2
Middle = C6
inferior = C7

36
Q

rare condition classically presenting with partial ptosis (drooping or falling of upper eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), vasodilation, and facial anhidrosis (loss of sweating) due to a disruption in the sympathetic nerve supply.

A

Horner’s syndrome

37
Q

lymphatics in the neck

A

Superficial cervical lymph nodes of external jugular and anterior jugular, Deep cervical lymph nodes of internal jugular. Right side of the head and neck, right upper limb and right side of the thorax drains into the thoracic duct (Junction of subclavian and internal jugular vein)

38
Q

What are arteries and veins for thyroid/ parathyroid gland?

A

Arteries: Superior thyroid, Inferior thyroid
Veins:
Superior: drains to internal jugular
Middle: drains to internal jugular
Inferior: drains to brachiocephalic veins

39
Q

Epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage
Thyrohyoid membrane
Superior laryngeal artery
Internal laryngeal nerve for vocals and external laryngeal nerve for cricothyroid muscle
Cricothyroid membrane

A

larynx

40
Q

Innervartion of internal laryngeal muscles

A

recurrent laryngeal

41
Q

constricts the vocal cords

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

42
Q

channel from larynx to bronchi

A

trachea

43
Q

3 parts of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx- Base of skull to palate
Oropharynx -Palate to epiglottis
Laryngopharynx - Epiglottis to level of cricoid cartilage

44
Q

channel from pharynx to stomach

A

esophagus

45
Q

superficial cervical fascia

A

platysma

46
Q

3 deep layers of cervical fascia

A

Investing layer: trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, spinal accessory nerve
Pretracheal: trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland, pharynx
Prevertebral: anterior aspect of cervical vertebrae, deep muscles of neck, floor of posterior triangle, brachial plexus

47
Q

What are two inferior attaching fascias

A

investing: attaches manubrim
pretracheal: connects to pericardium, behing retropharyngeal space

48
Q

Why are fascial planes important in neck?

A
  1. The investing layer of deep cervical fascia helps prevent spread of abscesses.
  2. If infection occurs between investing layer of deep fascia and pre tracheal fascia it will not spread beyond the manubrium
  3. If infection occurs deep to pre-tracheal fascia it can spread into the thoracic cavity anterior to the pericardium
  4. Infections between pre-tracheal and pre-vertebral fascia can enter the mediastinum (posterior or anterior)
  5. Air from ruptured trachea or bronchi can ascend into the neck
  6. Abscesses in the retropharyngeal space can put pressure on the pharynx and cause difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) or speaking (dysarthria)

HEENT (1 decks)

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